Aristotle, "Poetics": falanqayn kooban

Mid ka mid ah ugu caansan iyo faylosuufiinta weyn iyo aqoon yahanno Giriigii hore, loo arkaa Aristotle. "Poetics" - ugu weyn, laakiin ma ka dhigan tahay in ay wax soo saarka oo kaliya. Dhaxalgalka ee Aristotle waa run ahaantii aad u weyn, oo uu naftiisa - waa hodan ku ah dhacdooyinka.

Biography

Inta badan ardayda iyo ardayda si aad u maqasho magaca macalinka Greek caanka ah, wuxuu u yeedhay laba xaqiiqooyinka: isna wuxuu ahaa bir ah Socrates, oo uu, markeeda, baray Aleksandra Makedonskogo. waxaa isku mid ah ayaa sidoo kale caan ku Aristotle? "Poetics" Dhab ahaan waa wax in uu magiciisa lagu hayaa iyada oo da ', laakiin ma ahan waxa kaliya in laga odhan karaa oo ku saabsan fekeraya shakhsiga ah. Waxaa la og yahay in uu ku dhashay Stagira u dhexeeya 384 iyo 383 BCE Aristotle ku dhawaad labaatan sano ku qaatay waxbarashada ee Academy weyn ee Plato. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa ku doodaya in, u badan tahay, isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu halkaas baray in muddo ah. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, Faylasuuf noqday macalin oo ka mid ah mustaqbalka Emperor Alexander. Waxaa laga yaabaa in booska this , wuxuu ahaa sabab u ah jeermiga, xulafo la ah boqorkii reer Makedoniya Philip II. Isna wuxuu ahaa aabbihii Aleksanderos. Ka dib markii laga fuulo guul geesiga dhallinyarada on carshi, Aristotle in uu guriga ku soo laabtay, oo halkaas ka soo dhaqaaqay Athens. Waxaa, waxa uu aasaasay uu dugsiga u gaar ah - "Lyceum". Tani waxay muddo nolosha falsafo loo arkaa in ay ugu badan dhala. Dad badan oo wada hadalka, "Metaphysics", "Ethics", "Politics" - halka dhammaan this Aristotle abuuray. "Poetics" waxaa loogu talagalay in la qoray iyaga oo ku saabsan waqti isku mid ah. Marka sannadkii 323 BC Alexander dhintay, booska uu ka Faylasuuf ee bulshada ayaa si weyn u sii xumaatay. In 322 BC Isagu wuxuu u dhintay.

abuuridda

Dad badan oo maskaxda ka mid ah ururka si adag u fadhiya: Aristotle - "Poetics." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu waa qoraaga shuqullo badan. Waxay loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: shuqullada exoteric, abuuray qaab wada hadal ah oo u badan tahay in jidhku u dadweynaha, iyo shuqulladiisii qoran by kaliya ee goobada cidhiidhi ah oo xertiisa ah.

"Poetics": gool ah, ujeeddooyinka, content

"Poetics" Aristotle kooban Koobaya aragtiyaha suugaanta waqtiga oo dejiya tiro ka mid ah heerarka bilicsanaanta. Waa khuseeya ku Nagi in riwaayadaha ah. Waxaa jirta sabab u maleeyaan in asal ahaan waxay ka koobnayd laba qaybood, laakiin marka hore aan la sii raagayaan. Currently, aragtida ugu badan waa in, in qeybtii hore ee qoraaladii ay fuliyeen falanqeyn faahfaahsan ee majaajilada. Bilowga shuqullada Aristotle ku siinayaa inuu fasiraad ka mid ah "poetics" Ereyga. farshaxan kasta, isagu wuxuu leeyahay, waxay ku salaysan tahay mimesis, ie nooca eyelid. Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee gabayada, sida ay Aristotle, waa distinguished ka soo midba midka kale by saddex Tilmaamo:

1. Waxay soo saaraan noocyo kala duwan oo alaabta.

2. Tani waa mid ku fula siyaalaha kala duwan.

3. Iyadoo la raacayo, habab kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaalaa inta lagu guda jiro loo maqli karo.

Tusaale ahaan, avletika iyo kifaristika ku salaysan wada noolaanshaha iyo laxanka, halka hal-abuurka afka inta badan isticmaalaa tiraab iyo meter. Foomamka Poetry sidoo kale kala duwanaan karaan ku xiran tahay noocyada of iska yeelyeel: Tacaddi ah - waa sheeko hadaf wixii dhacay ka hor, lyrics ee waxay ku saleysan yihiin dareenkaa shakhsi ahaan sheekeeye, riwaayadaha ka gaysteen dhacdooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqii. Markaas falsafo bixiyo qeexid ah majaajilada iyo musiibo. The ugu horeysay - shuqul satirizes maalayacni aadanaha. Shirka labaad ee - wax tallaabo gaar ah ee la soo dhaafay. In opinion ee Aristotle, masiibada ka kacay improvisation. Waa kala duwan, "qurxinay hadal", ka kooban yahay lix walxood: shirqool, fikirka, deegaanka muuqaal dabiici ah, characters qoraalka iyo halabuurka muusikada. Kuwan waxaa loo hadda la eego sida "peripeteia", "catharsis", "masiibo", "Aqoonsiga", marka hore soo bandhigay by Aristotle. "Poetics", "-dirirka" iyo shaqooyin kale oo uu saameyn weyn ku falsafada casriga ah.