All-wheel la wado mootooyinka. Baaskiilka "Ural" oo dhan-wheel drive

article ayaa sheegaya waxa ku saabsan taariikhda mooto culus la drive afar-wheel, waa mooto culus "Ural", dabeecadihiisa farsamo iyo fursadaha, sidoo kale waxa ay yihiin dad lagu daydo ee line ee brand ah.

A yar oo taariikh

Taageerayaasha kortaan dabaysha on "faras bir ah" laba-degi xaqiiqa ah u ogaada in hawlaha dibadda, booqashada dalka iyo in ay ka gudbaan fiican off-road drive afar-wheel u cufan ma qabto wax mootooyinka. iyaga ka mid ah waa mooto "Ural", qalabaysan drive afar-wheel.

Dad yar ogahay in mooto ugu horeysay drive dhan-wheel u muuqday ku dhawaad 100 sano ka hor dalka UK. Waxaa jirey in ay fasalka muddo dheer oo aan tartamaya halis ah.

Ka dib markii dersin sano, laga bilaabo 1931, BMW bilaabin inuu soo saaro baaskiilada ma aha oo kaliya rayidka ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan mooto culus drive afar-wheel ujeedooyin milatari. Dad badan ayaa la rumaysan yahay in drive afar-wheel u muuqday ay sabab u tahay baahida ciidanka, kuwaas oo wakhtigii hore ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, ay si xun u baahan yahay. No brand yar caanka ah ee baabuurta ee wakhtigaas ahaa Zundapp caanka ah.

noocooda mooto culus Soviet "Ural" adeegi jireen kor unugyada, gaar ahaan, model R71. Oo 1941 line shirka IMZ-Ural yimid mooto ugu horeysay culus M72, kuwaas oo isla markiiba noqday madaxda sare ee technology by Army Soofiyeeti.

Maxaa ku dhacay ee soo socota

1957 wuxuu noqday caan ku tahay xaqiiqda ah in Dufcaddii ugu horeysay yar oo dhan-wheel drive "Ural" ayaa la sii daayay, kuwaas oo ku yiil daydo saddex taayir leh. Oo sidaas daraaddeed baaskiil ku jirtay oo M61, kuwaas oo la wareegay gebi ahaanba la qorsheeyo jiifku ee model 72aad ee. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu ku qalabaysan yihiin engine waalka dusha.

Wax yar ka dib dhirta bilaabay iyo ku daray hal-abuurnimo muhiim ah ee foomka of marsho ah dambe, taas oo si buuxda u dhiman on mootooyinka la matoorrada nizhneklapannym. Tusaale of this uma shaqayn karo sidii model hore - K650.

Tartiib tartiib, dhan-wheel mooto drive "Ural" ayaa isbedelo dhismaha. Waxa intaa dheer in badalitaan ka engine iyo gudbinta scripting danbe gundhig carburetor aasaas cusub, ku dheehan yahay awood engine waxaa kor u kacay. daydo Later ayaa qalabaysan carburetors-dhamaadka sare casriga ah ee Japan ( "Keihin"). Hagaagtay waxqabadka firfircoon oo tayo sare leh ku istaago mooto "Ural" ee loo adkeeyey inuu biriiga disc ah "nasashada Brembo", taas oo ah waxaa loo arkaa kuwa ugu wanaagsan dunida mahad.

Tilmaamo caan dhan-wheel unugyada drive

Baaskiilka "Ural" (sawirka eeg Kor.) La odhan karaa oo keliya ee adduunka ee mooto la sidecar ah, kaas oo ka yimaadaa la bezdifferentsialnym drive switchable. Mid ka mid ah soo saarayaasha mooto lagu daydo Irbit bilaabay inuu "roondo", taas oo riixo drive wheel switchable. Ilaalada leh khafiifa T-version jecel yahay guusha badan meel ka durugsan Russia. Sidaas, ku salaysan iibka baabuurta oo kaliya 2012 la iibiyey by 37% ka badan sannadkii 2011.

"Patrol" si ay ula qabsadaan wax kasta oo off-road, sida qalabaysan gear 4-xawaare. All-wheel mootooyinka drive "Ural" in ay ka gudbaan qaybaha ugu adag ee wadada. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan dhihi karaa kalsooni in tani ay tahay sida ugu fiican baaskiil jidka. Indeed, iyagoo ku raran, isagu marnaba ha doonaa darawalka xaalad kasta. Taasi waa sababta ay had iyo jeer waa ka walaacsan Americans si ixtiraam weyn Ural "ilaalinta". daydo Kharashka "Patrol-T" waa ku dhawaad 300 kun. rubles.

Raaxada iyo nasashada leh "dalxiiska"

model gaarka ah "dalxiiska-2WD» (mooto "Ural") ayaa la abuuray oo waddooyinka Ruush, taas oo loogu talagalay da 'ma arag caymiska bedelka. Afar-wheel eryi bahal this guulaysta ma aha oo kaliya gudaha u off-road aan wax dhibaato ah, laakiin sidoo kale si loo dardar waddada si xawaare ah 120 km / h, halka qarash kaliya 7 litir oo shidaal for boqol orod kasta.

Ma aha adag tahay in la qiyaasayaa in mootooyinka ah "Ural", "dalxiiska" line loogu talagalay safaro dheer, oo taas waxay ku qalabeysan yahay wax kasta oo lagama maarmaan ah. Haddii la doonayo, drive alaabtii waa la xidhay, waxa la jaray. Xaaladdan oo kale, kaliya waxaad ku safri kartaa on laba giraangirood, laakiin waayo-aragnimo ah ee this on unit uusan sii xumaadaa.

Ponoprivodnye mootooyin "dalxiiska" taxane waxay leeyihiin engine 45 hooras la barakac ka mid ah 750 cc. Xaaladdan oo kale, gaariga dedejisaa in ay 120 km / h ee seconds ─ frisky sida baaskiilada isboortiga Yamaha, qiimaha oo la soo saari karaa in ka badan nus malyuun rubles. Ogsoonow in mooto this culeyskiisu yahay 335 kg, iyo qalabka iyo xamuulka kula qaadan kartaa ku dhawaad miisaanka la mid ah, faa'iido u ah "fardo" waxa uu leeyahay oo ku filan in ay si fudud u soo jiid boorsooyinka ah. taangiga shidaalka ayaa waxaa loogu talagalay 19 litir oo shidaal iyo heerka socodka oo dhan funny: in track ah - ilaa 4 litir oo magaalooyinka aan ka badnayn 7 litir oo 100 kiiloomitir.

A yar oo ku saabsan model 67aad

si gaar ah culus mootooyinka oo dhan-wheel ka mid ah rookaha iyo taageerayaasha of technology mooto sharfay. Waa maxay run ahaantii daacad ah, xoog iyo qiiro waa adrenaline ah, iyada oo aan taas waa ay adag tahay in la raaco steel Faras laba taayir leh. Noocan oo kale ah waa "Ural" 67-36 taxane. Taasi runtii mishiinka si mishiinka! On cross-sirdoonka waxa la la barbar dhigi karaa oo keliya "Dnepr MT". engine Nepriveredliv si ugu "ma xumaadeen" ee sayidkiisa, haddii uu kaliya ma ku dari shidaalka.

Waxaa dedejisaa 67aad "Ural" in ay 100 km / h dhakhso ku filan, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu culeyskiisu yahay 330 kg oo lagu shubto kartaa galay rubuc ka mid ah tan ugu sareysa. In kasta oo dhar sameyn Jidka shido 8 litir, taasoo guud ahaan wanaagsan, ka fiirsaneysa ay xoog. motor ayaa saarka awoodda 36 hp at Xuddunta ugu badan ee 4900 rpm. Guud ahaan, mashiinka waa lagu kalsoonaan karo dhinac kasta, iyo waxa aanu soo qaato oo dulqaadasho.

"Ural Up Gear» ─ awood militari style

horumarinta Irbitsky isku dayeen in ay sida ugu fiican, abuurista Caruurtooda Gear Up-2WD. Baaskiilka "Ural" (eeg sawirka. Hoos) ee taxanahan la sameeyo qaab military iyo waxaa loogu talagalay in ay ka gudbaan meelaha ugu mari karin iyo off-road. istareexsan The oo mooto ka adkaadaa qaybaha adag ee waddooyinka iyo dhul xoqdo, drive afar-wheel la siiyaa iyada oo design undercarriage iyo marsho dambe buuxa.

Koobi codsiga ah mooto "dawladii kacaanka" ma macno samaynayaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan la soco in ay suurto gal tahay in ay tagaan meel kasta oo cimilo kasta sannadka oo dhan. Mashiinka Tani waxay awood ugama cabsato qodob ee barafka ama roobab culus, uus ma on jilibka. Qiimaha waxaas oo dhan-wheel drive saddex taayir leh off-road gaari agagaarka 620 kun oo waa. rubles.

Kooxda farsamada

Kuwani mootooyinka wheel-drive waxay leeyihiin 41-hooras laba-dhululubo matoorada afar-stroke la barakaca ah ee 745 mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. xawaaraha ugu badan in la horumariyo karaa gaariga waa 110 km / h. duro Shiidaalka waxaa ay gacanta ku habka cirbad shidaalka. Laga bilaabo by matoorka korontada, iyo ujeeddo this waxaa la siiyaa a laad-ka heleynin. taangiga shidaalka ayaa heysta 19 litir oo shidaal, iyo isticmaalka shidaalka waa 7.5 litir boqol socon.

Biriigyada mooto bixiyo caliper Haydarooliga, iyo xajin ah - hab dual of nooca qalalan. ganaax hore Telescopic bixisaa gaadiid siman on wadada. Joogitaanka bezdifferentsialnoy gudbinta ogolaanaya in ay ka gudbaan caqabadaha ay kakanaanta kasta.

sahlanaato hawlgalka

Midabaynta waa hacks aan la arki karin kaynta ama cawsduur dhow balli, sidaas oo kale ayaa "Ural Gear Up» si ammaan ah u qalabayn karto ama ugaarsiga jiifsaday kasta oo qalabka kalluumaysiga loo baahdo. Oo miisaankeedu yahay in at 365 kg, waxaad qaadan kartaa iyaga ka badan badeecadaha muhiimka ah iyo boorsooyinka.

Qaabkan waxaa si weyn u miisaamaa horumarinta kuu ogolaanaya in aad si ay u fuliyaan wax kasta oo aad u baahan tahay oo ka dhigaysa xasiloonida mashiinka ugu badnaan. Sidaa darteed, waxaan si ammaan ah ku dhaqaaqaan karo oo aan ka baqin in agegat keeni kara iyo waxa ay ku soo jeedin doonaa.

Haddii loo baahdo, waxaa la gelin karaa on jejebiyey la dhigto iyo ka saari giringirihii qaadee leewarka, sidaas bedelayo "Ural" in baaskiil laba taayir leh.

Si Loo soo kobo

Mootooyin "Ural" oo dhan-wheel drive baabuurta off-road ayaa xaqiijiyay isu kalsoonaan karo. Farsamadan ayaa qalab tayo sare keeno, tayada waa ka duwan yahay. Taasi waa sababta aynu dhihi karaa in "Ural" waa baaskiil unkillable. daydo mooto intooda badan ay gacan ka kortaan raaxo iyo ammaan in ay qaab-dhismeedka gaar ah mahad. Sababo la xiriira miisaanka badan ee unugyada waxay leeyihiin xasilloonida wanaagsan iyo ma capacity yar. The engine, awood jiifku muuqaalada iyo ganaax u ogolaan in si fudud ay ka gudbaan dhul kasta.

Intaa waxaa dheer, mootooyin casri ah "Ural" waxay leeyihiin muuqaalka soo jiidasho ah, design ergonomic oo heer sare ah raaxada. Qorshahaa waxa ka mid ah mashiinada, kuwaas oo ka dhigaysa in ay suurto gal ah in si habsami leh u guurto on wadada. In kasta oo ay u tiiraanyooday, mootada si deg deg ah helo xawaaraha lagama maarmaanka ah. On "faras bir" awood culus ka xishoon maayo in muuqan at bax ama rookaha, fuushan ee waddooyinka dalka habeenkii, raaxaysan waddo dheer oo taabo xawaaraha.