Alexandrinsky Masraxa: taariikhda, sawir, dib u eegista

Mid ka mid ah da'da weyn ee Russia, ugu horeysay State Tiyaatarka mar walba oo xiiso gaar ah si ay dadweynaha iyo dareenka ugu dhow ee dhaleeceeya Alexandrinsky. isaga Si account gaar ah, waayo, kaasu waa dhigmaan darajo sare ee Tiyaatarka Imperial, iyo brand waxaa sharaf u taagan yihiin in ka badan 250 sannadood.

Qarni

gabadhii Peter boqortooyada Great of Elizabeth by xowli ah nolosha dhaqanka ee Russia calaamadeeyay. Gaar ahaan, marka ay muujinaysaa weynna u kobcay warshadaha muraayadaha, abuuray badan oo tiyaatarada gaarka ah, socday on Hobollada Qaranka oo safar ka mid ah jilayaasha shisheeye, curiya qoray riwaayadaha ugu horeysay ee Russian. Mid ka mid ah uu helo baahida loo qabo iyo abuurista Tiyaatarka Gobolka on tusaale ahaan ka mid ah caasimadaha kale ee Yurub. Iyo August 30, 1756 Empress Elizabeth Petrovna soo saaray amar sameynta masraxa ugu horeysay Imperial ee Russia. Sidaas mustaqbalka Alexandrinka helaa ay xaaladda rasmiga ah.

tiyaatarka Ruush First waxaa la yiraahdaa, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u matalaan majaajilada iyo musiibo. The salaysan Hobollada Qaranka waa ka Yaroslavl: Fyodor Volkov, oo noqday agaasimaha Hobollada Qaranka iyo Actorada Deemeetriyos, Volkov iyo Popov. Abwaan iyo agaasimaha masraxa noqdo Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, oo waxaa loo arkaa awoowe ee riwaayadaha Ruush. The salaysan waajihid ka kooban yahay riwaayadaha Faransiis ah Racine, Beaumarchais, Voltaire, Molière, iyo sidoo kale shuqullada by qorayaasha Ruush: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. xooga ugu weyn ee la saaray ku kallifto majaajilooyin.

dhismaha dhismayaasha

Tiyaatarka riyaaqay caan cajiib ah in St. Petersburg, laakiin uu qolka uu lahaa, wuxuu ku wareegtay in goobood oo kala duwan, waa muhiim in ay dhismaha gaar ah. Laakiin oo kaliya ka dib 76 sano ka dib markii la aasaasay muuqatay Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka, cinwaanka oo hadda loo yaqaano in wax masraxa-badn. In meesha asal ahaan waxa uu ahaa dhismaha alwaax taas oo u adeegi Hobollada Qaranka Talyaaniga Kazassi. Laakiin markii danbe ah te'atradii ku burburay, qolka lagu iibsaday meeshii khasnaddu tiil, ka dibna si xun u dhaawacay by dabka ee 1811, dhibaatooyinka uu wareeri by dagaalka kula Napoleon.

Laakiin inkastoo la'aanta ah ee maalgelinta, ee 1810 Carl Rossi abuuraa aagga mashruuca ee Manhajkooda ah. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in 30-ka, hoos Nicholas I, si dhab ah kicisaa su'aasha ah ee dhismaha Tiyaatarka. Carl Rossi uu noqdo madaxa geedi socodka, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay kooxda reer injineero iyo Galberga Tkachev. dhismaha ayaa maal lacag aad u badan, iyo shaqada uu bilaabay u kariyaa, waayo, salka dhismaha ayaa lagu garaacay dhulka 5000 cutub, laakiin qurxinta aadan go'aansan karaan inuu ku badbaadiyo. Halkii, copper iyo naxaasta ahaa oo lagu rinjiyeynta iyo xardho qoryo.

Dhismaha waxaa la dhisay sanadihii kaliya 4, iyo August 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka, kuwaas oo cinwaan - Ostrovsky Square, 6, laga helay dhisme dhisay naqshadeeyaha ugu waaweyn ee waqtigeenna. Carl Rossi uu hogaaminayo ma aha oo kaliya in ay dhismaha, hoos hoggaanka, waxaa soo bixitaankii nolosha degaanka mashruuca iyo decoration gudaha qolka. Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka, kaas oo maanta uu leeyahay sawir in album ah dalxiiska kasta oo booqday St. Petersburg, waa tiir ka mid ah naqshadeeyaha ugu weyn.

Naqshadaha Dhismaha iyo qalabaynta

Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka qayb ka mid ah oo baaxad weyn oo ah mashaariicda horumarinta magaalooyinka ee Russia noqday. Aamino hor jeeda buugga Neva ah, waxaa loogu tala galay sida a balakoonka qoto dheer oo 10 tiirar, oo ku yaalla on quadriga ee istoodhka caanka Apollo. Sida laga soo xigtay frieze in uu damacsan yahay dhismaha, ubaxyo Laurel ku yaal iyo waji masrixiyada. guriyo dhinac ayaa waxaa lagu qurxiyey balbaladood of 8 columns. dhismaha ee style Empire waa jawharad dhab ah St. Petersburg. wadada Side taasoo keentay in masraxa hadda waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca Rossi, waxa uu naqshadeeyay dhise oo ka mid ah sharciyada qadiimiga adag. Its width waa loo siman yahay si height dhismayaasha iyo dhererka sii kordhaya ee sida saxda ah 10 jeer. Street waxaa loogu talagalay in hab sida in ay xoogga saaraan quruxda nolosah dhaw waynaanta dhismeedka naqshadda ee image ah.

Gudaha The gooyo arki karin oo kaliya ee midabka cas, laakiin dhar ah ma ahaa tiro ku filan, oo ay si aad iyo aad buu u dhigto lahaa furitaanka. Naqshadle uu karin inuu ka dhaadhiciyo taliyihii - sida tiyaatarka helay ay dahaarka buluug hadda caanka ah. hall The karo oo ku saabsan 1770 oo qof, waxay lahaayeen 107 sanduuq, oo xero, gallery iyo balakoonka, design cajiib ah waxay siinaysaa codka la yaab leh.

muddo Imperial

In sharaf of naagtii Nicholas I, tiyaatarka ayaa loo magacaabay Alexandrinsky ah. Wuxuu noqonayaa xarunta nolosha stage of Russia ah. Halkan asalkiisu ka soo jeedo dhaqan tiyaatarka Ruush, taasi oo markii dambe u noqon doonaa ammaanta ee dalka. Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka ka dib markii la ogaaday taageeraa siyaasadda waajihid caadiga ah: waxaa inta badan fuliyeen majaajilada iyo riwaayadaha muusikada. Laakiin waajihid dambe sii daran, halkan waa premieres comedy Griboyedov "Waxaa iska hoogay ka Wit", "Isbatooraha" N. V. Gogolya, "Biriqleh" Ostrovsky. In shaqada masraxa in muddo this ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu weyn: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

By dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka tagaa shirkadda xoogga iyo qaab ay ku par a la tiyaatarada riwaayadaha ugu fiican Yurub.

qarnigii 20aad Early ay astaan dhibaato, taas oo aan ka fogaan wayay Tiyaatarka Alexandrinsky ah. In 1908, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey kooxda helo V. Meyerhold, kuwaasoo doonaya in ay abuuraan qaataan cusub, laakiin waqti isku mid ah si taxadar leh ilaaliyaa dhaqanka ee hadda jira. Waxa uu keenay wajji qaab gaar ah: "Don Giovanni", "isu ekaysiiyaan", "Storm", kuwaas oo masterpieces dugsi riwaayadaha cusub.

xilligii Soviet

Ka dib markii Revolution October ee 1917, tiyaatarka lagu eedeeyay ammaanaya xoogga Imperial, jeer waa adag. In 1920 waxaa loo baxshay Drama Petrograd Academic Tiyaatarka, oo uu bilaabo inuu si firfircoon uga dhigay riwaayadaha cusub, "guntiisa hoose" iyo "reer Falastiin" Gorky ciyaari Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo iyo xataa Lunacharsky (commissar of Education).

In shirkadda, iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka of agaasimaha guud ee Yuriya Yureva, Galaxy raagayaan sayidkooda jir ah, ayaa ku biiray by jilayaasha ah ee dugsiga cusub: Yakov Malyutin, Leonid Vivien, Elena Karjakin. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, masraxa la daad gureeyay in ay Novosibirsk, halkaas oo Actorada sii waday in ay ku ciyaaraan shows. In 1944, shirkadda in Leningrad soo laabtay.

The post-dagaal oo sano in raaceen ma ahaayeen fududahay in dhaqanka guud iyo Alexandrinka ay ka mid yihiin. Laakiin waxaa weli ka muuqan qaab si fiican u yaqaan sida "Life in midabka" ku salaysan Dovzhenko, "Winners" ee xoreynta Chirskovu.

In shaqo muddo Soofiyeeti jilayaasha aad u fiican: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. Cherkasov, VI Gorbachev iyo agaasimayaasha cajiib ah: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. tiyaatarka ayaa laga badiyay ay ku tacaluqa, inkastoo dhibaatooyin dhinaca fikirka.

Back to aasaaska

Sannadkii 1990 ayuu si ay magaca asalka ah ku soo laabtay, oo ay dunida oo mar kale u muuqataa Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka. sano perestroika u siiyey isaga inay ma fududa, laakiin tiyaatarka waa suurto gal ma aha oo kaliya si ay u noolaadaan, laakiin sidoo kale in ay sii Ronnie Harleston oo ka ururinta a gaarka ah ee qurxinta iyo jeesada. Thanks to dadaalka academician D. S. Lihacheva, a khasnad qaranka aqoonsan noqdo Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka. St. Petersburg waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la qiyaaso oo aan machadkan dhaqanka. Isagu waa calaamad u ah te'atradii ku Ruush, sida weyn iyo Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ah.

maanta

Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka, kaas oo dib u eegis ku yihiin had iyo jeer ku qoran shuruudaha Daawatay, isku dayayaan in ay maanta sii brand ah. Tan iyo sanadkii 2003, waxay u taagan at madaxa agaasimaha Valery Fokin. dadaalka uu Tiyaatarka Festival Alexandrinsky la qabtay isku magaca. Under hoggaanka Fokine qabtay dib u dhiska a grand ah te'atradii. Waxa uu hubiyaa in te'atradii ku ahaa goobta labaad, taas oo ku riday qaab tijaabo ah. Waxaa ka shaqeeya jilayaasha ugu fiican iyo agaasimayaasha. Tiyaatarka arko howlgalka in uu dhowro dhaqanka ee dugsiga masrixiyada Ruush, oo lagu taageerayo isbedelka cusub iyo caawin talanti.

soosaarid tiyaatarka caan

Alexandrinka waajihid The walba ugu fiican ee ciyaarta, halkan ku riday oo dhan Classics ah: Chekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Maanta, qaab Tiyaatarka Alexandrinsky waa shuqullada ugu fiican ee curiya: "Nora" Ibsen, "Maydka Living The" by L. Tolstoy, "Guurka" Gogol, "Double The" by Fyodor Dostoevsky. war kasta waa dhacdo ka mid ah muhiimadda ay leedahay caalamka. Fokin waa mid aad u nooca siyaasadda waajihid ah, waxa uu sheegay in ay jiri karaan wax soo saarka shil. Howlgalka Tiyaatarka - Classics dacaayad, iyo ugu dambaysta wuxuu leeyahay meel keentay in Alexandrinka boor ah.

Hobollada Qaranka ee Tiyaatarka Alexandrinsky ah

Alexandrinsky Tiyaatarka (St. Petersburg) waxaa loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan. Maanta in shirkadda shaqeeyaan veterans sida ee goobta, sida N. Urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, iyo sidoo kale dadka da'da yar tayo: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.