Alcohols Diyaarinta: Hababka iyo cayriin Qalabka

Alcohols waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha iyo shaqooyinka aad u badan. Of iyaga saaro kala duwan polymers dardaro, plasticizers, masaxado, saabuunta iyo noocyo kale oo badan oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka. Diyaarinta alcohols ah waa la fuliyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab lagmamaarmaanna u ah iyo kiimikada. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin wax soo saarka mass of Avv kiimikada. Avv kiimikada ee Consort waa hab wax soo saarka aan qaali ahayn. Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah hababka ugu muhiimsan waa wax soo saarka ee alcohols la olefins fuuq. Sayidka helay isopropyl, baabka iyo tert-butyl iyo ethyl alcohols. Diyaarinta khamriga methyl (methanol) wuxuu ku salaysan yahay muxaadaro engegan oo qoryo.

hababka aasaasiga ah, taas oo soo saari alcohols:

• taagayo halogeen hydrolysis xumadoodu:-soo-saarka ee glycerol, khamriga benzyl iyo kuwa kale.
• epoxides fuuq iyo alkenes: tones ethylene, ethanol iyo wixii la mid.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, iwm
• hababka lagu qayilo, wax soo saarka ee alcohols dufan.
• Hababka Recovery: alcohols dufan sare, xylitol iyo kuwa kale.
• Hababka lagmamaarmaanna: saarka ee glycerol iyo ethanol.

Mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka ugu mass-soo saaray waa khamriga ethyl (ethanol). On ay ku salaysan, waxaa loo sameeyay hab soo saarka leh caag synthetic. Ethanol laga helaa waxyaabaha hydrolysis qoryo, ethylene khamriga sulfite iyo habka enzymatic of alaabta ceeriin cuntada.

Diyaarinta alcohols (ethanol iyo methanol) ka cunto cayriin iyo alwaaxdiisa waa mid qaali ah oo waqti habka wax baabbi'iya. khamriga Ethyl wax badan oo faa'iido iyo fududahay in ay soo saaraan ka ah feedstock shidaalka oo qaali ah, tus, la fuuq ethylene. Si aad u hesho mid ka mid ton of ethanol by habka enzymatic, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si loo farsameeyo afar tan oo hadhuudh, ama sideed tan oo balka. Wixii la barbardhigo, hal ton of ethanol waa la helay oo ka soo 2.5 tan oo distillates batroolka ama gaaska ethylene. kharashka shaqada ee nin-saacadood ee soo saaridda of ethanol ka alaabta ceeriin kala duwan: hadhuudh - 160, oo ka baradho - 280, ee ethylene - 10. Diyaarinta ah alcohols feedstock kiimikada waa qaali aad iyo waqti yar.

Sidoo kale wax soo saarka kiimikada aad u muhiim ah waa methanol. wax soo saarka Modern ee methanol waxaa lagu fuliyaa by Avv organic ku salaysan carbon monoxide (II) ama gaaska Avv ah ee heer warshadeed. qorsheyaasha tignoolojiga, waxaa jira kala duwan. Waxay loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood soo socda.

- Avv Xoojiya zinc-chromium at cadaadis sare. Tani waxa huriye iyo bedelay hababka kala duwan Avv at cadaadis hoose.

- Avv Hannaan copper-zinc-aluminium at cadaadis hoose. Isticmaalka hababka Avv cadaadis hoose si weyn hoos ugu dhigi kartaa kharashka wax soo saarka tamarta. Iyada oo habkan oo ah soo saaridda baahan yahay shahaado sare isdaahirinta of nijaasta wax cayriin daran u saameeyay Hannaan ah.

- Avv methanol saddex waji leh oo ku nidaamka oo waa la fuliyay in ganaax of dareeraha inert iyo Hannaan jar kala qaybsan. Tani waa habka ah in la kordhiyo dhalidda, halka yareynta kharashka tamarta. Hababka alcohols diyaarinta waxaa hagaagay. nidaamka saddex waji waa technology ah wax soo saarka horusocod ah.