Absoljutizm bartay Catherine II

guurka ka hab dhulgoosadka in shuuciyad dalal badan oo ka dhacay meel ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo dhalashada fikirka kutub ka. In Russia muddo this ka dhacay 60 kii sano ee qarnigii XVIII - boqornimadii Catherine Weyn.

absolutism iftiimiyey - boqortooyada ku salaysan yahay fikirka wax Nuurin ah. Its fikradaha aasaasiga ah ay ahaayeen kuwa soo socda: qofka waa qiimaha ugu sareeya, danaha uu kor gobolka; dadka waa u siman yihiin in xuquuqdooda eegin guryaha ah, Society u baahan in la hagaajiyo, iyo doorka hogaanka in this waa in sayniska iyo sharciga. In light waxan oo dhan ayaa noqday fikrad caanka ah ee "Faylasuuf carshiga".

absolutism iftiimiyey ee Catherine waxaa lagu gartaa hirgelinta tallaabooyin in danaha gobolka iyo fasalka talada haya ee (abtirsan). Waxay ka qayb qaatay horumarinta shuuciyad ee xerada, laakiin waxa aanu qaadan oo aan xisaab badan oo ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka nolosha bulshada wakhtigaas galay.

Horeba maalmaha kowaad oo boqornimadiisa, Catherine waxay sameysay dhowr safarada dalka (Rostov, Yaroslavl, gobollada bari, on Canal Ladoga ka eryay, ka dibna kor u Simbirsk Volga ah). Kolkaasay ku tidhi ogaaday in dhaqanka dadka u ahayd "darn maamulka dhimman af badan" (Klyuchevskii) aad u hooseeyo iyo degdegin.

absolutism iftiimiyey of taariikhyahanadu Catherine ayaa loo yaqaan "da'da oo dahab ah." Empress damcay inuu hubiyo horumarka bulshada Ruush ah jid evolutionary, iyada oo ay kormeerayaan "narodolyubivogo" Boqortooyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadu ma rabto in aad beddesho amarka bulshada: boqortooyadiisa magoolay kharash ku hawshoodeen oo ka mid ah serfs iyo shaqaalaha, oo carshiga ku salaysnayd abtirsan jiray, waa absolutism dhufayska ugu weyn.

fikrad ah waxa la sameeyo, waayo, barwaaqada ay kuwa gobolka, Empress la hormariyey ku salaysan fikrado ka shuqullada Yurub Nuurin barbaro.

Catherine isku dayeen in ay uga takhalusi lahaayeen "dhaxalgal ah gumaysiga ee la soo dhaafay" ugu xun ee dalka. Waxay dib u xoogaystay hay'adaha dawladda in la unkay Peter koowaad. Golaha Guurtida waxaa loo kala qaybiyey lix waaxaha. Chief Magistrate ayaa dib loo soo celiyo, Berg-guddiga, guddiga-Manufaktur. Geedi socodka ah ee dhexe ay weli ka talinayeen xafiiseedyada, badanoo of Hetman Ukraine.

absolutism iftiimiyey of Empress uu ku salaysan yahay fahamka iyada shakhsi ah arrimaha ugu waa in wax laga qabto. In 1767, Guddiga qabtay si ay u horumariyaan set cusub ee sharciyada. In 1775, dib u habaynta maamulka la bilaabay. Tirada gobollada. Waxay waxaa madax u ahaa taliyihii ah, iyo koox ka mid ah dhowr gobolladiisa - taliyayaal-guud. Warshadaha, kharashka iyo dakhliga bilaabeen inay mashquulin, shurrucda iyo isbitaalada iyo dugsiyada - Order of samafal dadweynaha. From maamulka maxkamadaha la kala.

Tartiib tartiib, nidaamka maamul dhammuna wuxuu noqday uniform, taliyayaasha hoose ka dibna taliyayaashii kulliyadaha dhexe iyo, ugu dambeyntii, Empress ah.

In 1779 waxaa la saxiixay oo la daabacay amar ku saabsan furitaanka shirkadaha warshadaha free. Baayacmushtariyaashii iyo kuwii farsamo heshay gargaarka qaarkood. At isla ee 1785, gobta ah waxaa la siiyey "Waraaqaha patent", taas oo sii adkaynayo mudnaanta ay dhulgoosadka.

Sayidka, absolutism ku iftiimiyey of Empress iyo barnaamijka ayaa ah mid aad u diidani. Dhinaca mid, waxay waxaa lagu gartaa dhawaaqidda of runta falsafada waxbarasho sare, dhanka kale - ilaalinta ee -Raaxaysta-, saldanad ah ku abtirsan iyo serfdom.

absolutism iftiimiyey ee Catherine II oo dhan saamayn togan ku saabsan horumarinta dalka, kor u dhulkeeda, dadka kordhay, kor u khasnadda dakhliga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda dadka ku hadhay dhibaatada haysata ka mid ah. Oo wakhtigaas waxaa awood dagaal ridayeen hogaaminayo EI Pugachev. su'aalo deg-deg ah lagu xallin kari waayey ee buuxa. Dawladdu waxay weli maroorsi iyo feudalistic.