Yaa helay arrin ku shucaaca iyo sida ay u dhacday?

article The sheegaysaa kuwa helay arrin ku shucaaca, marka ay dhacday iyo xaaladda ay.

shucaaca

dunida casriga ah iyo warshadaha ee lagama yaabo in ay awoodaan in ay sameeyaan oo aan tamarta nukliyeerka. tigoodu Nuclear quudin waayay, waxay bixisaa koronto magaalooyin dhan, iyo ilaha tamarta gaar ah oo ku salaysan suuska shucaaca, dhajinta on satalayt iyo aalado in u helno meerayaasha kale.

Shucaaca la helay qarnigii XIX goor dambe. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida daahfurtay in badan oo muhiim kale ee beeraha kala duwan ee sayniska. Laakiin marka hore ka mid saynisyahano helay arrin ku shucaaca iyo sida ay u dhacday? Tani waa waxa aan ka hadli doonaa in this article.

daahfurka

Waxaa aad muhiim u dhacdo sayniska ka dhacay 1896 ka dhigay Becquerel in waxbarashada la xidhiidha suurto galka ah ee luminescence iyo waxa loogu yeero X-ray cusub helay.

Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee Becquerel, waxa uu helay fikradda ah in laga yaabaa luminescence kasta waxaa sidoo kale ku weheliyay ah X-rays? Si loo xaqiijiyo Malihiisii, waxa uu u adeegsaday dhowr kiimiko ah, oo ay ku jiraan mid ka mid ah cusbada ee uranium, oo glows mugdi ah. Dheeraad ah, waxaa haysta ee qorraxda, saynisyahan u soo jeestay cusbo warqad mugdiga iyo rid xasee on saxan sawir, kaas oo, ee jeedo, ayaa sidoo kale la soo baakadeeyey ee duuban ah mudane Doolaal ku. Later, oo muujinaysa iyada Becquerel badalay asaanay sax ah oo xoogaa yar oo cusbo. Laakiin tan iyo luminescence ee warqad ka adkaan kari waayeen, waxay ka dhigan tahay in ay iftiimisay warshadu hawada saxan X-ray. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed waxaan ku garanayaa kii ugu horeeyay helay arrin ku shucaaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saynisyahan ma weli si buuxda u fahmaan waxa laga helay a sameeyey. Laakiin wax ugu horeysay ugu horeysay.

Kulanka ayaa waxaa ka mid ah Academy of Sciences

Later isla sannadkaa, kulan oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences ee Paris, Becquerel dhigay warbixin "On shucaaca soo saaray phosphorescence." Laakiin halka a in uu aragtida iyo natiijooyinka ka dib markii aan lahaa in la sameeyo hagaajin. Tusaale ahaan, inta lagu guda jiro mid ka mid ah imtixaanada, oo aan sugin cimilada wanaagsan iyo qoraxdu, saynisyahan ka saaray xarunta uranium a sawir saxan in aan la gubaa leh iftiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, rikoorka uu weli si cad u muuqata in ay qaab-dhismeedka.

On March ee isla sannadkaas Becquerel soo bandhigay kulan oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences shaqo cusub, xisaab shucaaca ka timaada hay'adaha phosphorescent. Imminka waxaannu garanaynaa oo ah cilmibaadhe ka helay arrin ku shucaaca.

tijaabo dheeraad ah

Raad waxbarashada dheeraad ah arrin ku shucaaca, Becquerel isku dayay waxyaaba badan, oo ay ku jiraan biraha uranium. Markasta oo saxan mar walba sii raad. Iyo adigoo u dhexeeya ilaha shucaaca oo iskutallaabta saxan bir ah, saynisyahan ka helay sida aan dhihi lahaa maanta, uu X-ray. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan ka wada hadalnay su'aasha ah kuwaas oo helay arrin ku shucaaca.

Taasi, markayse u caddaatay in Becquerel helay nooc cusub oo aan la arki karin rays u mari karaa iyada oo shey kasta, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, oo way kari waayeen X-ray.

Waxaa sidoo kale lagu ogaaday in xoogga shucaaca waxay ku xiran tahay xaddiga uranium in kiimiko ah, ma by noocyada ay. Waxaa Becquerel wadaago uu guulihii sayniska iyo aragtiyo la Marwooyinkooda, Pierre iyo Mariey Kyuri, oo markii danbe la aasaasay shucaaca ka timaada by thorium, iyo furay laba brand element cusub, ka dib Polonium magaca iyo radium. Oo markii baadhaya dhibaatada "oo helay arrin ku shucaaca," weyneeya si qalad ah Curies inta badan badan oo mudnaan this.

Impact on noolaha

Marka ogaaday in shucaaca radioactive ee timaada oo dhan xeryahooda ee uranium, Becquerel waxaa si tartiib ah dib ugu soo laabtay waxbarasho phosphor ah. Laakiin isagu wuxuu sameeyey wax ka dhigi mid daahfurka muhiim ah - saamaynta rays radioactive on noolaha noolaha. Sidaas Becquerel ahaa kii ugu horeeyay kaas oo laga helay arrin ku shucaaca, laakiin sidoo kale kuwa la aasaasay saamaynta ay ku xayawaan ma aha oo kaliya.

Waayo, mid ka mid ah muxaadaro uu soo amaahday walax shucaaca ee Curies oo ku rid ee uu jeebka. Ka dib markii cashar ka, ku soo laabtay leh, cilmiga ogaaday casaada xoogan oo maqaarka, taasoo ka qaaday qaab tuubooyinka. Pierre Curie maqalka male uu go'aansaday inuu tijaabinayo - waayo toban saacadood xirtay xidhan tuubo gacanta ku jiraan radium. Oo dhamaadka baan ka heli boog xoog badan oo aan la bogsiiyo, waayo, dhowr bilood.

Sidaas awgeed, waxaan ka wada hadalnay su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo marka hore ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta helay arrin ku shucaaca. Tani waa sida saamaynta shucaaca la helay on noolaha noolaha. Laakiin inkastoo this, Curies ah, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, sii waday in ay ku hawlan yihiin baadhitaanka ee qalabka shucaaca, iyo Kyuri Mariya dhintay xanuun shucaaca waa. Her alaabtaada ayaa weli meel baa lagu kaydiyey gaar ah sunta rasaasta sababta oo ah qiyaas shucaaca ururay iyaga by durba waa boqol sano ka hor ayaa weli waa mid aad u halis ah.