Xuduudaheedu iyo fasalo network

shabakadaha Internet Modern, sida caadiga ah ku salaysan oo ah 32-bit ah-IP address in uu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood - ID shabakad iyo ciidan. Si loo go'aamiyo taas oo qeyb ka mid ah cinwaanka waa ciidankii, oo taas ka dhigan tahay shabakad, laba hab oo la soo saaray. Haddaba bixiyeyaasha adeegga Internet isticmaalaan hab ka mid ah Classless Inter-Domain wadada, ku salaysan maaskaro subnet ah. fasalada Network kuwa ugu horeeya ee ay leeyihiin hab dhacsan, kaas oo ku salaysan safafka.

IP-address ah shey kasta, haddii ay tahay server ama computer joogto ah, kaas oo si dhow u la xidhiidha magaca network ah. magaca cinwaanka shabakada adeegga a DNS gaar ah, magacyada domain maamula a badasha. "Kulanka" on server magaca network kaliya la diiwaan gelinayaa in adeeggan. Resources server oo kale waa si toos ah ay heli karaan dadweynuhu, oo ay ka faa'iidaystaan iyaga Internetka.

Iyadoo la macaamilooday IP-cinwaanada, bixiyo fasalada network dareenka. Dhammaantiis waxaa hadhay shan, iyo mid kasta oo uu leeyahay sifooyin u gaar ah. Class A waxaa loo isticmaalaa ugu badan shabakadaha caalamiga ah. Dhexdeedana, iyo Internet-ka. kala duwan ee fasalka this kordhiyay ka eber ilaa 127 oo ka kooban 126 shabakadaha. A hal-network ka kooban yahay in ka badan lix iyo toban milyan oo unugyada. Dhab ahaantii aqoonsi network degan sideeda gelinno ugu horeysay oo kaliya, ka hartay 24 gelinno waxaa loo isticmaalaa cinwaanada ciidankii.

Networks Class B wuxuu ka kooban yahay screens dhexdhexaad in mashquulin kala duwan cinwaanka qiimaha a of 191. Halkaan ka, ku-IP address u qaybsan yahay qaybo ka mid ah 16-bit. Mid ka mid ah qayb ka mid daboolayaa lambarka aqoonsiga shabakadda, halka ka kalena waxaa loogu talogalay ciidanka. Shabakadda mideeya 65.534 Guntin. Sida caadiga ah, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in jaamacadaha ama shirkadaha waawayn.

fasalada C taageero Roobka yar. Waxay mashquulin kala duwan oo ka mid ah qiyamka ilaa 223. Under tirada network waa 24 gelinno hore iyo haray meel 8-bit ah la heli karo si ay martida u yihiin. Iyadoo shabakada karo ilaa 256 qanjidhada, labo ka mid ah kuwaas oo loogu talogalay IP-warqadaha. waa in aan ku daro in cinwaanada oo ka mid ah saddex fasal yihiin ku lug ee wadada iyo dhismaha-shabakadaha sub ee shabakadda caalamiga ah. Waa sababta ay u yeedheen "dhab ah" ama "cad".

Inta kale ee fasalada shabakada ha ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah sida a. D-shabakadaha waa in kor kala duwan si ay u 239. Iyagu ma ay hirgeliyaan qanjidhada helitaanka iyo waxaa lagu fuliyaa baahin doonaa multicast IP-fariin ah. shabakadaha Class E sidoo kale ma ku jira qanjidhada. Waxa ay kala duwan gaadho ilaa 255, oo ay ku jiraan tijaabo.

In dhamaan fasalada oo dhan waxaa ka blocks cinwaanada in ay yihiin loogu talogalay isticmaalka gaarka ah. Waxa ay si gaar ah loo isticmaalo ee shabakadaha maxalliga ah ee gaarka loo leeyahay, sidaas internetka, cinwaanada, kuwaas oo aan la jabin oo loo yaqaan "cirro" ama "gaar ah." Si ay ugu biiraan LAN gaarka loo leeyahay iyo ka bixitaanka iyaga, World Wide Web waxaa loo isticmaalaa NAT-router.

Tan iyo markii ay xiisadaha network kor ku tilmaamay leeyihiin tiro kooban oo IP-cinwaanada, isticmaalaan iyaga raaxo. kale waxa uu ahaa sida ay tirada bytes aan ku xaddidnayn, iyo maaskaro subnet loo isticmaalo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nidaamkii hore ma illoobi. Waxaa la tilmaamay in buugaagta badan iyo cinwaanada fasalka D iyo E waxaa weli loo isticmaalaa in gaar loo leeyahay.