Waa maxay potassium qaabeynta electron

Sidee qaabeynta elektarooniga ah ee potassium? Si aad uga jawaabtid su'aashan, ka fiirso qaabka ay la eb iyo xeerarka qaybinta electron on heerarka iyo sublevels.

Farsamoyaqaan galmada

qaabeynta potassium Electronic tilmaamay isla'egta Schrödinger. Waxaa isku xira tamarta ka iman kara is dhexgalka oo ka mid ah halyeeyada iyo electrons iyo baaxadda repulsion u dhexeeya Qurub isagoo lacag isku mid ah. Farsamoyaqaan Quantum isticmaalaa isla'egta this postulates sharxaya joogitaanka kasta oo heerka tamarta ka reserve tamarta ah.

atamka badan-electron

qaabeynta potassium Electronic waxaa la mabda'a saarida Pauli qoran. Marka la eego sifooyinka dabiiciga ah la ruxruxo ee electrons ah, waxaa la qiyaasayo in kasta oo ay qayb diidmo ah waxa uu ku yaalaa on the "orbital", i.e. waxa ay leedahay a jiritaanka da'ayeen qaarkood. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo atamka multi-electron, taas oo ka mid ah potassium, on kasta orbital aan lagu sheegi karin in ka badan laba electrons. Sidaas darteed waxaa loo qoondeeyay afar tirada galmada sifeeyay gobolka electron ee bareeg waqtiga loo arkaa.

Aufbau mabda '

qaabeynta potassium Electronic la sameeyey oo ku saleysan sharciyada laga dheefayo Klechkovskaya. Ina keena aynu ka fiirsanayn in faahfaahin dheeraad ah. Iyada oo ku xidhan waxa electrons orbital waxaa lagu abaabulaa, waxay leeyihiin reserve gaar ah oo tamar. First jirto qaybinta qayb isagoo saad awood yar.

Sida dabeecad hoose electron tamarta adeegta tirada maamulaha galmada, u dhiganta tirada muddada.

The soo jiidashada la eb badan-electron dhacaa ma aha oo kaliya in ay electrons xudunta u ah, laakiin sidoo kale repulsion iyaga u dhexeeya. By sii kordhaya tirada guud ee qayb ka wareejin hoos tamarta ee qolof electron ah, waxay kordhisaa tirada electrons isagoo orientation ka mid ah iyaga u gaar ah dhaqdhaqaaqa daqiiqado. tiirsanaanta noocan oo kale ah ee kiimikada galmada waxaa loo yaqaan xeerka Hund ee.

On ku salaysan yihiin labadan xeerarka ay diyaarisey qaabeynta elektaroonik ah oo la eb potassium. spectra Atoomikada dhigi suurto gal si loo ogaado gobolka dhulka ee electrons ah, in uu yahay, si loo ogaado kuwa Qurub in ay leeyihiin kaydka tamarta yar.

Nuxurka of dhismaha formula electronic for eb multi-electron of potassium waa mid fudud ilaa xad: Nidaamka elektaroonik ah waa in uu leeyahay tamarta ugu yaraan u dhigma mabda'a saarida Pauli.

Tusaalooyinka qaybinta electron heerka tamarta ah

Ka hor inta fiirsaneysa waxa qaabeynta electron of ra'iyi potassium waa tusaale fudud. eb The hydrogen ee muhiimka ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay mid proton wanaagsan. Qiyaastii xudunta waxaa wareejiyo by mid kastana falagiisuu dhex electron. Dawladdu waxay dhulka ee formula hydrogen waa sida soo socota: 1s. Ka fiirso muuqaalada orientation ee wareejin ee electron this. Sida laga soo xigtay xeerka Hund ee, waa codirectional la wareejin ee nuclear.

Waayo, helium isagoo dhowr ah oo isku xigxiga labaad ee xubno ka miiska on a laba electron orbitals audio ah. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay ½ wareejin ah, waxa ay leedahay jihada a kala duwan oo wareeg.

In xubno ka ah heerka tamarta labaad u muuqataa laba qolofka, mid kasta wuxuu leeyahay tamarta gaar ah lagu kaydiyaa.

Potassium waa element muddada afraad, xubno ka mid ah nidaamka, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu leeyahay afar heer elektaroonik ah, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka kooban yahay noocyo kala duwan oo sublevels.

In xaaladda caadiga ah ee la eb ee biraha alkali leedahay qaabeynta soo socda: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Electronic qaabeynta ra'iyi potassium waa ka la eb ee kala duwan. At heerka tamarta sare ee biraha waa mid ka mid electron valence. Tan iyo markii ay soo bandhigaa potassium yaraynta guryaha, halka isdhexgalka la atamka kale, wuxuu u dirayaa electron valence la beddelay a ra'iyi positive (waxbarashada) isagoo qaabeynta soo socda elektaroonik ah: 1s22s22p63s23p64s0.

gunaanad

Waayo, element kasta oo kiimiko ah, waxa uu ku yaalaa miiska wareegsan abuuri kara febwari elektaroonik ah, sharci hubaysan Hund ee, mabda'a saarida Pauli, iyo sheegashada Klechkovskii. Waxa intaa dheer in gaadmada ah oo elektaroonig ah oo atamka ee kiimikada ah imanba iyo koobnaan siifilisku formula iyo anions ka dhasha isdhexgalka kiimikada.