Tirooyinka caadiga ah

Number - waa fikradda ah aan la taaban karin. Waxay yihiin sifooyinka taranta ee shayga, iyo ay jiraan dhab ah, maangalka ah, abyooneyaasha taban iyo jajab, iyo sidoo kale ee dabiiciga ah.

Tirada Dabiiciga ah caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo mustaqbalka fog, taas oo kac si dabiici ah ayaa tilmaamaya tirada. Helitaanka in la ogaado in aad score bilaabmaa carruurnimada hore. Maxaa kid ah funny baxsaday schitalok, taas oo keliya loo isticmaalo waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee account dabiiciga ah? "Mid ka mid ah, laba, saddex, afar, shan ... Bakeylaha Out socod!" ama "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, boqorka go'aansaday inuu ii soo lalmisaa ..."

Waayo, tirada dabiiciga ah wax kasta oo kale, dheeraad ah oo ku of heli kartaa. set waxaa inta badan muujinaysaa by warqadda N, iyo waa in la tixgeliyaa sida aan la koobi karayn jihada of sii kordhaya. Laakiin bilowgii la ballamay waa a - waa unug. Inkasta oo ay jiraan tirooyinka caadiga ah Faransiis, kaas oo la ballamay ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah eber. Laakiin qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan iyo in, iyo set kale waa xaqiiqda ah in ay aadan ka tirsaneyn wax jajab ama tiro taban.

Baahida loo qabo kala duwan u xisaabin maadooyin ah asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee jeer oo innoo. Markaas ayaanu ku sameeyay fikirka ah "tirooyinka caadiga ah". Its formation dhacay oo dhan dunida qofka nidaamka isbaddalka, horumarinta cilmiga iyo farsamada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nin heer hoose ah oo aan xitaa si fikrad ah u fikiri kartaa. Waxay ahaayeen adag tahay in la fahmo, waxa ay tahay fikradaha caanka ah ee "saddex ugaarsadaha" ama "saddex geedaha". Sidaa darteed, qeexid waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka la tilmaamayo tirada dadka, iyo haddii aad sheeg tiro la mid ah nooc oo kala duwan oo items - qeexidda aad u kala duwan.

Oo xariiqda tirada ahaa mid aad u gaaban. In halkaas ku ahaayeen lambarada 1 iyo 2, oo la account ku dhamaatay fikirka ah "badan", "adhi", "badnaa", "taallo".

Later uu sameeyay biil more horusocod ah, hore u ballaaran. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in ay jireen tiro kaliya labo - 1 iyo 2, iyo tirada soo socda ayaa la helay isagoo intaa ku daray mar hore.

Tusaale ahaan of this ahaayeen macluumaadka extant tirada tiro qabiilka reer Australian Murray River. Waxay ka dhigan tahay 1 erayga "Enza", iyo 2 - erayga "petcheval". Number 3 si ka dhawaajisay sida "petcheval-Enza", iyo 4 - waa sida "petcheval-petcheval".

Inta badan dadka account caadiga ah waxa uu qiray in faraha. horumarinta dheeraad ah oo la taaban karin fikirka ah "tirooyinka caadiga ah" ayaa jidka isticmaalaya noqtay on ul a. Ka dibna waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay tixraac darsin ah jilayaasha kale noqday. inaannu jidkayaga dadkii hore - bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan ul kale on taas oo noqtay laga dhigay, oo muujinaysa dhibcaha.

Kartida uu u ciyaaro lambarada gelitaanka balaariyay la dhalashada of qoraal. Markii hore, tirada kusiga ka muujinayaa on kiniiniyada dhoobo ama caw ah, laakiin si tartiib ah u bilaabay in loo isticmaalo diiwaan walxood oo kale tiro badan. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa wada ahaayeen tiro Roman.

Inta badan dambe yimid ka tiro Carabi, taas oo kor u furay suurtogalnimada lambarada waa set yar ee characters. Maanta ma aha wax adag in ay qoraan tirada weyn sida masaafada u dhaxaysa meerayaasha iyo xiddigaha tiradooda. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay bartaan in ay isticmaalaan awoodaha.

Euclid qarnigii 3aad BC, in buugga "Qaybaha" dhigaya set koobi karayn tirada primes. Oo Archimedes in "eeyaha" waxyooday mabaadii'da ee dhismaha magacyada aan macquul ahayn tiro badan. Ku dhawaad in bartamihii qarnigii 19aad ka hor dadka aan helin ilaa baahida loo qabo samaynta cad oo fikirka ah "tirooyinka caadiga ah". Determination qaaday muuqaalka kore ee hab xisaabeed xaqiiq.

Oo 70s ee qarnigii 19aad Georg Cantor diyaariyey qeexid cad oo ka mid ah tirooyinka caadiga ah, oo ku salaysan fikrada guud ee go'an. Haddaba waxaynu og nahay in tirooyinka caadiga ah - waa dhan abyoonayaasha 1 ilaa xad. Caruurta yaryar, samaynta talaabada ugu horeysa ee is ogyahay boqoradda oo dhan cilmiga - xisaabta - waxaa uu bilaabay in uu ku baran lambarradan.