The dalxiis meel ugu horeysay Dennis Tito. Taariikhda duulimaadka

Dennis Tito (ku dhashay August 8, 1940 ee Queens, New York, USA) - Ganacsade American, oo noqday qofka ugu horreeya ee gaarka loo leeyahay kuwaas oo bixiyo safarka uu galay meel.

CV

Tito helay uu Bachelor of Aeronautics iyo Astronautics ee Jaamacadda New York ee 1962 iyo Master of Engineering Science at Rensselaer Institute Polytechnic ee Troy, NY, 1964. Wuxuu ka shaqeeyey sidii injineer aerospace ee shaybaarka ee Jet Propulsion Maamulka Aeronautics iyo Space Qaranka (NASA), halkaas oo uu ka caawiyay in ay qorsheeyaan iyo ergooyinka gacanta si Mars, "tiirseenimada-4" iyo "tiirseenimada 9". In 1972 wuxuu ka Space casilay gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah maaliyadda oo ka caawiyay in ay shirkadda maalgelinta American helay Wilshire Associates, iyo sidoo kale la abuuro index ah "Wilshire 5000" - qiyaas ah oo ku qiimaysay suuqa saamiyada ee Maraykanka. Waxa uu marka hore loo isticmaalay qalabka xisaabta loo isticmaalo barnaamijka meesha bannaan ee, si loo ogaado halista suuqa dhaqaale.

Haddaba ama marna

April 28, 2001 - dhalashada of diyaarad meel ganacsi. On maanta, ganacsade American ahaa mid ka mid ah oo noqday dalxiis ugu horeeyay ee meel bannaan oo taariikhda. Waxa uu lacag uu joogay on ISS ah, iyo sidoo kale ay dhalmada si rakaab saarnaa gaadiidka pride Ruush ah "Soyuz". Afartan sano ka dib Yury Gagarin noqday aadanaha ugu horeysay ee bannaan, Tito muujisay in safarka bannaan waxaa suurtagal ah in la sameeyo lacag, lacag badan, sida uu u saaray raaciyo wareega - 20 million USD.

Waxa uu doonayay inuu boos tago tan iyo wakhtigii duulimaadka Yuriya Gagarina. Iyo Dennis bilaabay inuu turjumo riyadiisa dhab galay bilowga ah ee 2000. Sannaddii uu jirsado 60 sano jir, waxana uu dareemay in fursadaha helitaanka boos uu si degdeg ah hoos. Inkasta oo cir ugu da'da ahaa Dick Slayton, kuwaas oo soo booqday falagiisuu 1975 at da'da 51 sano.

Tito Oo waxaan ku idhi naftayda. "Waa hadda ama marna"

Bishii June 2000, wuxuu heshiis la MirCorp, kaas oo ka mid ahaa diyaarad saarnaa ka "Soyuz TM-32" ee idaacadda Ruush bannaan "Mir". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bishii December ee isla sannadkaas, qorshayaashaas ku guuldareysatay, sida Russia ku dhawaaqday in ay qorshaynayso in ay ka baxaan falagiisuu ee saldhigga gabowga ah ( "Mir" ayaa lagu gubay jawiga bishii March 2001).

In kasta oo dib u dhac ah, Dennis Tito ugu dhakhsaha badan mar kale la isku raacay. Waxa uu heshiis kula saxiixatay shirkadda Space Adventures, ayaa dhexdhexaadiye for gaarsiinta shaqsiyaadka gaarka ah in meel bannaan oo. Waqtigaas, ISS ahaa mashruuc cusub, shirkii reer binu oo bilaabay in November 1998-kii.

Sand giraangirihii

Kooxda reer Russia ku heshiiyeen in ay qaataan lacagta iyo Tito wuxuu u bixiyey meel on markabka "Midowga". Laakiin saaxiibada kale ee idaacadda, gaar ahaan NASA iyo hay'adaha meel ka mid ah Kanada, Yurub iyo Japan ah, oo aan la dhigay si togan. Waxay kaliya Russia ayaa sheegay in aan la talinayaa in ay duusho in Dennis.

NASA wakiilada halka, mabda ', ma ka soo horjeeda joogitaanka macaamiisha bixinta on board shaybaarka orbiting. Waxay si fudud ma rumaysan tahay in ay tababar April Tito noqon doonaa ku filan, tan iyo markaas waxa ay tilmaamaysaa ah dhacdooyinka adag oo muhiim ah oo idaacadda.

In war-saxaafadeed ay NASA on March 19, 2001, waxaa la sheegay in joogitaanka shaqaale aan xirfad aan loo tababaray in ay dhammaan hababka muhiimka ah ee saldhigyada oo aan ka jawaabi karaan oo caawin xaalad kasta oo degdeg ah oo soo bixi kara ka shaqeeyaan, taas oo u baahan doonaan la socodka joogtada ah, soo celin doonaa rar weyn ku duulaan oo ay hoos u dhigi doontaa guud ahaan heerka ammaanka ee ISS ah.

The dalxiis meel ugu horeysay ayaa aaminsan in da ayaa sidoo kale door. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, dadka in ka weyn dhacaan iyo wadne, iyo stroke, iyo wax kasta laakiin gaadiidka Maydka back to Earth ah ma noqon doono mid aad u sahlan iyo maskax adag. Sidaa darteed, NASA ayaa samaysay wax walba oo suuragal in Tito ma duuli karto in April.

Siddeed bilood ee Star City

Laakiin Tito ma quusan. Waxa uu tababar sii at Star City u dhow Moscow, halkaas oo cir tababar la qaatay jeer Yuri Gagarin. Tito ayaa inta badan sanadka halkaas, isagoo ku jirey. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, waxa aan ahaa fudud. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu sii joogo Russia muddo siddeed bilood ah, ma si sax ah og waxa ku soo duuli doonaa ama ma.

Ugu dambayntii Dennis adkaysasho ayaa bixisay. In ka badan diidmo ee NASA, uu u diray kastana falagiisuu dhex April 28, 2001, isaga oo noqday qofka 415th ee abid duuliyay in meel bannaan oo.

Sida laga soo xigtay Tito, ka riwaayadaha iyo dhibaatooyinka oo dhan waa ku meel gaar, ayaa in ka badan in hay'adda ay taageerayaan kuwa soo socda dalxiisayaal meel kuwaas oo booqday shaybaarka orbiting iyo ayaa si taageero of diyaarad meel gaarka ah guud ahaan.

riyoon rumowday

The dalxiis meel ugu horeysay wuxuu fuulay falagiisuu, ku qaatay lix maalmood on board ISS, ka dibna ka degay Kazakhstan May 6, 2001.

Uu shaqada ahayd muhiimadda ugu weyn, tan iyo waxyoonay tiro ka mid ah maalgelinta ee safarka meel gaarka ah. Malaha, shirkada Virgin Galactic ku Richarda Brensona, Blue Dzheffa Asal ah Bezosa, iyo xataa SpaceX Eeloon Miski muuqan lahaa in ganacsiga this, haddii horyaalka Dennisa Tito ma ay qaadan meel. Waxa uu tusaale muujisay in diyaarad meel loo heli karaa shaqsiyaadka khayrna jirdhiska, iyo sidoo kale marka la eego dhaqaale.

Dhinaceeda, Tito ku faraxsan yahay ka soo qayb galay dhalashada warshadaha, inkastoo of credit oo dhan kharash ku ganacsatada iyo dalxiisayaasha orbital kuwaas oo u yimid isaga ka dib. Oo ma isaga aawadiis, dabcan, safarka mar walba resonate doonaa heer kale oo badan shakhsiga. Sida ay safarka Tito ayaa ahaa riyo 40-sano jir ah. Flight isaga siiyey dareen ah buuxnaanta nolosha - oo dhan in uu sameyn doono wixii ka dambeeya waxa uu noqon doono abaal dheeraad ah isaga loogu talagalay.

Dennis Tito - dalxiis meel

Tito degay steppe Kazakh u saarnaa kaabsal degtey "Soyuz" pride ah, kaas oo isaga iyo laba cosmonauts Ruush soo laabtay ISS si Earth. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev iyo Yuri Baturin degay 05:42 GMT. Cir saarnaa gantaallo inay ka difaacdo dayrta iyo baarashuud. Saddex saacadood ka hor kaabsolka "Soyuz" undocked ka Station Space ah, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay soo jeeda hillaac-soomi Earth.

In video kama dambaysta ah ee bannaan ee Tito ayaa sheegay in uu si shakhsi ah rumoobay riyadii uu noolaa, waxaa wanaagsan in wax noqon karaa isaga, waayo, waa, oo uga mahad celiyay kuwa ay taageerto uu shaqada oo dhan. Marka markabka tagay ISS, Talgat Musabayev iyo cir US Dzhim Voss duubay iyo hurgufay gacmaha la Tito Voss. Markaas Tito iyo cir headfirst hir gelin "Midowga", oo ukunteeda ku xira kaabsolka saldhiga ahaa u xiran yihiin. Inside kaabsal, waxay ka mid cunto - pride ka ISS barbaro ay tamar, iyo quudin jiray computer sahanka. Waxay spacesuits weyn for horyaalka dib u Earth, markabka laga fiiriyaa darroor, iyo saldhigga undocked.

camera Video on kaabsal ku tusay saarista si degdeg ah u ISS iyo muuqaalka oo duurka ku of view of Dhulka. kaabsal wuxuu ku faafaa caalamka mar oo ka dibna laga takhaluso inta badan culeyska, oo ay ku jiraan unit degaanka la musqul iyo jiko, iyo sidoo kale qol qalab leh baytariyo iyo milicsiga ah. Waxaa jiray oo kaliya kaabsal degtey 3.3-ton ah.

degtey Hard

baarashuud ugu weyn "Midowga" loo moodayay in la furo at 05:26 GMT, ka hor inta matoorrada jejebiyey shaqayn doona si aad u jilciso dhulka. In casharka la soo dhaafay la markabka of Mission Control Center ee Korolev, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Moscow, Tito weydiiyay Musabaeva siin labadii loox oo biyo milix si ay uga caawiso waxa u noolaadaan dollar ah. Waxa uu si gaar ah uma waxa daawooyinka kuwa.

Taliyaha duulimaadka Peter Klimuk wargeliyay markabka in cimilada meesha dhulka u dhow tuulada, oo ku yaalla 400 km koonfur-galbeed ee caasimadda ah ee Kazakhstan Astana, wanaagsan, cloudiness yar, dabayl 3-7 m / s iyo heerkulka - oo ku saabsan 20 ° C.

ka dib markii degtey

Ka dib soo caga 80 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee Arkalyk in seddexda ciyaaryahan steppe Kazakh maray hordhac caafimaad jeeg-up ee xarunta caafimaadka mobile. From waxaa markabka loo qaaday garoonka diyaaradaha ee Astana kulan rasmi ah la yeeshay Madaxweynaha of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Shir jaraa'id oo kooban a at 12:00 GMT on dalxiis ugu horeeyay ee meel bannaan ka dib markii, iyo Musabaev Buchanan duulay Moscow. Saraakiisha meel Ruush ayaa rajeyneysa for caga nabdoon oo ay ku safrayaan muranka Tito si deg deg ah ku dhamaaday.

Senator US hore iyo cir Dzhon Glenn yeedhay safar Tito ee xadgudubka ah pride Ruush ah howlgalka cilmi aasaasiga ah ee sahaminta bannaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu sheegay in uusan eeda Tito in uu jecel yahay si aad u hesho meesha bannaan ee, sida uu yahay waayo-aragnimo cajiib ah, laakiin waxay dareemeen pride si xun u safar this loogu talagalay si ay u qabtaan cilmi-baarista.

NASA cabsi

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in NASA ha duusho Tito in dhamaystirka dhismaha meel multi-bilyan oo ah, safarka keentay wararka la isla dhexmarayo in xubnaha kale ee hormoodka u baahan doontaa in ku kici kor ku xusan jawiga. Waxaa ka mid ah magacyada waxaa lagu shaac agaasimaha Dzheyms Kemeron, milkiilaha "Oscar", kuwaas oo sugayay xagal ugu fiican in ay qabsadaan caalamka.

Ammaanaya Cameron for safar si ISS sugitaanka NASA ayaa barako, madaxa hay'adda boos Dan Goldin si joogta xuso Tito suxufiyiinta iyo Congress ka hor hab uu ego Rafaa iyo Maal insignificance runtan on Wall Street. Guddiga hoose oo ka mid ah Golaha Wakiilada, waxa uu sheegay in xaaladda this waxa uu noqday mid aad u walaac badan ee ragga iyo dumarka ee NASA iyo in Mr. Tito ogayn, oo waa dadaalka kun oo qof oo ku nool Mareykanka iyo Russia, ka shaqeeya si loo hubiyo in uu badbaadadaada iyo tan dadka inta kale ee markabka.

Khatarta Security?

dibad Kuwani si dhib leh geliyey godadka hoose qarada waaweyn oo ISS ah, duulaya at sare ah 300 km, halkaas oo dalxiis ugu horeeyay ee meel bannaan, a injineer hore ee NASA, loo isticmaalo taageero aan labaweji lahayn ee uu la shaqayn jiray "Midowga", hoteelada edeb oo ka mid ah laba cir NASA nool ee "Alfa", oo ahaa qirtay in laabtaada diiran of taliyaha Ruush ah saldhiga.

Buuxsamay dhawaaqa Arias Zinedine, iyo sidoo kale indhaha ku heysay ee la soo dhaafay ka qaaradood iyo badaha, dunida degan oo ah cilmibaadhe muwaadin u Tito ahayd la jebiyey oo keliya in xumad hore ee seasickness.

Intii uu socday shirka jaraa'id, inuu iska diiday eedeymaha Goldin in uu joogitaanka oo halis ku ah ammaanka xirfadlayaasha bannaan. Tito, kuwaas oo la siiyo $ 20 milyan oo horyaalka iyo dib u, oo aad u badan ka caawiyay markabka.

shaqo-miirtaa

Dennis Tito meel loo qaybiyey cunto iyo shaqo quruxsan wasakh ah, caawinta markabka oo isaga tagay waqti dheeraad ah ugu leh shuqulka nuxurkiisa.

In welwel dhinaca ammaanka ah ahaayeen sabab in Tito 60-sano jir ah wuxuu ka dhigay safarka bannaan. Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev iyo Tito ayaa loo qaaday "Alfa" a kaabsal cusub samatabbixinta. Imaanshiyaha cusub "Midowga" waxaa loo baahan yahay kasta oo lix bilood ah, sida shidaalka sun on board pride Ruushka maydin iyo Burburiyaan qaybo engine muddo dheer. Markab Old ahaa ku saabsan laba toddobaad ka hor dhicin ee ay waqtiga damaanadda 200-maalin.

NASA Agency, lammaane hogaanka of 16 dal, in qayb ka socday "Alfa" xumaadeen maxaa yeelay Moscow ayaa meesha ka iibin nonprofessional ah.

Waxaa jiri lahaa farxad no

Laakiin barnaamijka meel Ruush dedejiyo, kaas oo ay gacanta ku liiska rakaabka loogu talagalay howlgalka ka, "Midowga", ayaa sii waday in ay tijaabiyaan la shuuciyad,-duulaya sare, gaar ahaan siiyey xaqiiqda ah in qiimaha tigidhka daboolayaa kharashka duulimaadka oo dhan. yaraanta lacagta caddaanka ah oo muddada fog ah in lagu qasbay Russia si ay u bilaabaan ganacsigaaga safarka, raad-barnaamijka boos ee Moscow ka dib markii ay burburtay Soviet. Qayb ahaan sababtan, Russia ayaa diiday inuu saldhiga "Mir" rikoor 15 sano oo joogto ah idiinna ka dib.

Washington bixisay share libaax ee kharashka mashruuca, laakiin Moscow, taas oo uu jabin waayo-aragnimo ergooyinka meel muddada-dheer, ayaa loogu talagalay iyo dhisay tiro ka mid ah qaybo ka mid muhiim ah. Sida muuqata, mucaaradka Maraykanka u didin Tito ayaa ahaa mid siyaasad ku dhisan.