Taariikhda ballet Ruush, ka bixitaanka iyo horumarka

Xididdada Ballet Ruushka, sida qaab farshaxan kasta, waa in hiddo cayaarta. Inta badan, kuwanu waxay ahaayeen diinta (dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee qoob ka ciyaarka) iyo ciyaaraha ( "pereplyas", "Kuma, halkaas oo ahayd" iyo wixii la mid ah.) Dance. ballet Ruush aan la hadhay oo kaliya oo dhan Buzadag bilicsanaanta, laakiin sidoo kale noqday xildhibaanka ah ee dunida ka mid ah ballet.

madax

In Kievan rus 'at Warega of qarniyo VIII-IX, waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan ka-cayaare ugu horeysay, xirfadlayaasha in ay beerta - fanaaniinta majaajilada ... Muddo ka dib, marka caasimada ahaa Moscow, fanaaniinta majaajilada ma ay daruuri tahay ragga.

In qarniyo XV-XVI entertainers lanooga funny oo wajiyadoodu qarsoon leh waji, waxa loogu yeero "mashkarami" amakaag iyo yaabay ajaanibta booqanaya.

Qarnigii XVII ee taariikhda ballet Ruush calaamadeeyay furitaanka ee tiimbashada madaxtooyada ee Tiyaatarka Kremlin. Sida laga soo xigtay xeerkii aasaasay, hadal kasta ee tiyaatarka waxaa had iyo jeer dhameystirtay mezhdusenyami (saarka gaar ah ballet). Kuwani waxa loogu yeero entrée ay fuliyeen rag ku labisan dharka pompous. Jilayaasha muujiyeen qaybo ka mid ah qoob ka ballroom.

The Tsar ee xiiso leh

The ballets-buuxa ugu horeysay ee Russia waxaa loo arkaa qaab u dhiibay February 8, 1673. Oo waxay noqotay dhacdo aad u weyn barxaddii Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, iyo waxa la odhan jiray "Ballet ee Orpheus iyo Eurydice." Taariikhda ah ee ballet Ruushka ku tilmaamay wareeg ah postures ceremonious, qoob ka raagay, iyo qaansooyinka iyo guurka. Inta u dhaxaysa jilayaasha ka akhriyo xafiday hadalka ama gabay. All tani waa wax yar sida ficil dhab ah masrixiyada. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya xiiso leh boqornimo, guulo leh ay la hubin.

Dhanka kale, Gregory I., qabanqaabiyaha ee tiyaatarka, yeedhi Nicola Lima in uu abaabulo koorsooyinka tababarka xirfadaha masrixiyada boqorka masraxa. Marka ugu horeysa, 10 reer burghers sharaf leh, ka dibna 20, ayaa si guul ah u tababaran oo tusay boqorkii ugu waxqabadka ballet maxkamadda "Orpheus" in style Faransiiska.

set Hawsha

Kaliya ka dib markii rubuc ka mid ah hal qarni, Peter aan, isagoo loogu talagalay dib u habayn hiddaha nololeed ee Russia, waxay keentaa in ay nolosha music bulshada Ruush iyo qoob ka ciyaarka. Uu go'aansado inuu ka abuurto tahay ceegaagta aqoonyahanada dalka ee degan St. Petersburg. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, Peter aan xirto tiyaatarka Moscow ee Alexei Mikhailovich iyo daabacdaa amar kacaan. Tani waxay amar kiniisadaha oo dhan looga baahan yahay hay'adaha dowladda si loo baro cayaar ballroom baajin. dib u habaynta waxay ku dhigay booska uu ka sayidkiisa cayaar la haleeli sare. Taasi waxa ay maamulka kiniisadaha ballet muuqaalka waajib ku dhaqaaqdo qoob ka ballet dibada ka yimid, tabo cusub oo ah qaab xubno ka qoob Slavonic qaranka.

Author V. Krasovskaja ( "History of Ballet Ruush" - LA Art, 1978) ayaa aaminsan in koboca iyo aslanba Peter aan safan ee madaxtooyada ayaa lagu qabtay qaab troupes ballet, fannaaniin iyo nimankii gabayaaga ahaa opera dibadda uga casuumay.

Bilowga ee 1738 dugsiga ee ballet abaabulay dalka, taas oo uu noqday, dhaqan, ugu horreeyey. Taariikhda ballet Ruush si kooban u sheegayaa ku saabsan muddada this. Qalin shaqeeya shirkadaha ballet eedaysanayaasha shisheeye ee tiyaatarka waxa loogu yeero (jilayaasha, chorus) ah. Waxaa wax badan oo kaliya ka dib ay la dhigey xisbiyada ugu waaweyn.

tababarka ugu horeeya ee

ishaartay of taariikhyahanadu ballet casriga ah ka fiirso Sidukiinta Corps Land. Waxaa soo shaqeeyay caanka Zhan Batist Landzh, kuwaas oo ardayda ka saaray saddex ballets maxkamadda. Sida taariikhda ballet Ruush, ay gebi ahaanba noqday qaab ballet marka hore, dhammaan sharciyada khuseeya iyo xeerarka of Academy Royal ee Qoob ka ciyaarka ee caasimada Faransiiska.

Sidukiinta Corps arday ka qayb qaatay waxbarasho, poluharakternom lyrical iyo waqti isku mid ah soo bandhiga a troupes ballet maadda ah ka Italy Tesaloniika.

Elizabeth aan, in si aan loo dhumin ka-cayaare ballet tababaran, furay dugsiga qoob gaar ah Her Majesty, set ugu horeysay waxa ay ahaayeen 12 carruur ah lahaanshada.

By dhamaadka 1742, Empress saxiixay amar in la dhiso Hobollada ballet ahaydba Ruush ah. Waxaa jirto in iftiimiyey xiddigaha Ruush hore - ballet-cayaare xirfadeed: Aksinya Baskakov iyo Athanasius Toporkov.

dhamaadka Out dhintay

Dhimashada Baptiste Lande keenaysa jahwareer ganacsiga xardheen ee dalka. Soo bandhigid, taas oo ay maamushaa Tesaloniika, waa nooc ka mid ah oo burlesques caajiso. siladda ma soo jiidan saarka sida.

Taariikhda ballet Ruush si kooban u qeexayaa mudadaas. Wakhtigan ee Europe ay jirto su'aal ah oo ku saabsan dib u habaynta kiiska choreographic. Rousseau iyo Cinq-Mars u baahan qoobka ballet ah in laga takhaluso khamiisyo xaqse oo waji inay xirto. Diderot adag talo beddelo qaab waysay ballet. Dhanka kale, Dzhon Uiver, oo aan sugin isbedelka guud ahaan, waxay muujinaysaa qaab qoob a isagoo story maskax leh, iyo Zhorzh Nover qoray halyeeyga "Waraaqo qoob ka."

Aan ka fog iyo dibba ballet Ruushka. muuqaalka kore ee Hilferding - caddayn. takhasus Tani Jarmal go'an xardheen Qisada ee St. Petersburg. In Paris ballets story muuqday sano oo kaliya 15 ka dib. Hilferding caawiyay Leopold Paradiso. By sannadihii 50-aad ee qarnigii XVIII ah, kolkaasay iyagu abuurmaan ah riwaayadaha ballet madax banaan.

Bilow soosaarid riwaayado

riwaayadaha ugu horeysay ee ballet Ruush iska leh A. P. Sumarokovu. Waxa uu dalacsiiyay qaab qoob ka ammaantaada, aasaaska ka kooban qaab ballet suugaanta "magan Fadliga" iyo "New keniisad".

Gasparo Anzhiolini casuumay King muyuusiga, sii kordhaya dhalaalka notok dad gabaygii Slavic dhigeysa fal ballet "Fun markii Christmas." Catherine II si weyn u ammaanay wakiil. In 1779, Guddiga Sharci-en banc ansixiyey ballet ah, ku music kaas oo la qoray ku salaysan hiddaha Slavic.

Ka dib markii sida guul aad u wayn Anzhilini dhaqaaqay soosaarid masrixiyada madadaalo, taas oo ka dhigay madadaalo ah maadooyinka la mariyo. Tan waa la sameeyey buuq eulogies: "The uuu of Russia" (calaamadeeyey ciidankiisii oo Turkish at Cahul iyo Larga), "The Argonauts New" (ODE sharaf badan raxan ka mid ah Empire Ruush) iyo "sababaynta Xulka" (hir-soobaxaa baahida loo qabo in tallaalka cudurka furuqa baahsan).

waxqabadka ballet ugu horeysay geesinimada "Semira" yar ayaa hore u dhiibay. Laga soo bilaabo in choreographers lagu bixiyo in la muujin shacuurta ee qoob ballet a dareenka weyn. Waayo, ahaydba waqti isku mid ah waxay noqon kartaa qaab mashquul iyo farxad leh opera ee tiyaatarada non-state, iyo in ay muujinayso dacayadeed-operatic, buuga- loogu Empress nafteeda ka kooban.

Wixii cusub 1778 ee St. Petersburg (sida taariikhda ballet Ruush, buugaag nololi ku tilmaami dhacdadan u gaar ah) sugnaaday daawadayaal horeba laba saalo: ganacsi "Free Tiyaatarka" iyo maxkamadda.

Kooxaha qalcado ugu horeysay

In qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVIII ka, fashion waa inay ka adkaadaan farshaxanka qoob. Iyo horraantii 1773 hoos ee Leopold Jannada ee magaalada ku salaysan Agoomaha furay xarunta tababarka, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday masraxa ugu horeysay ee dadweynaha. In set ugu horeysay waxaa jiray 60 caruur ah. On waxqabadka ugu horeysay choreographic dhigay by Cosimo dabaal Maddox, oo uu sheegay in uu buugga Yu Bakhrushin.

Taariikhda ballet Ruush, bartay oo u tilmaamay si faahfaahsan weyn, full lixaad u furmo mudadaas, farshaxanka qoob. Maddox kooxda ka mid ah dhallinyarada, bartay in Russia, qoobka martigeliso a opera maadda, xardheen ka go'an in ay dhacdooyinka dhabta ah (tusaale ahaan, "qabsashadii Ochakovo"), iyo Divertimenti.

Against asalka this, si deg deg ah bilaabay si ay u horumariyaan tiyaatarka Serf ah. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ee qarnigii XVIII ah waxa uu ahaa si fiican u yaqaan jilayaasha Serf wadajir ah oo waaweyn. kooxaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa Zorich Golovkin, Apraksin, suganyahay, Potemkin iyo dadka dhulka kale.

Isla xilligaas, ayaa arkay horumarinta iyo samaynta of farsamo qoob dumar ah iyo design farshaxanka si ay u matalaan goobta. Waxaa jira jidhka dhaqan cusub oo ku saabsan goobta masraxa, muuqaal ah waa in ay qoraan in qaab macquul ah, si ay u isticmaalaan ciyaarta qeybtii hoosku iyo Nuur.

Liibaan ee ballet Ruush

Taariikhda ballet Ruush ah 19-20 qarniyo waxaa ka buuxa oo kala duwan. By bilowgii XIX ballet qarnigii farshaxanka gaaro maturity ee kaas oo la mahadiyo dhagaystayaasha. qoob cayaarto Ruush soo bandhigo galay fudaydkii xardheen, sharaf iyo dhegeysiga. Waxaa aad u macneeyeen arko A. S. Pushkin, sharaxaya quruxda guuro qoob ka mid ah saffarro uu ka, xiddiga reer goobta ballet ah, Istomin: "Soul full of duulimaad" (weedha ah ayaa dhibcaha kala ballet ah). Her wajiga iyo xarrago ee dhaqdhaqaaqa qoob ka jeclaa. Inta badan daawadayaal ah dhab u tegey on Avdotya Istomin.

No yar qurux badan ahaayeen Lihutina Daahir Riyaale, Catherine Teleshova, Danilova Mariya.

qaab Ballet waxaa lagu helo caan. qoob ka Ballet, sida farshaxan, waxaa la doorbiday, iyo waxa loo qoondeeyey kab gobolka.

By newfangled badan "xaqiiqo" oo ka mid ah sano 60aad ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, aqoonyahanada dhaqan la daboolay. The dhibaatooyinka masraxa Ruush timaado. La xiriira qoobkaciyaar ah, uu hadalka u dhigay in primitivism ee storyline ah, kaas oo la qabsato qoob gaar ah. Ciyaar hiddaha gaadhay kaamil ah, bixisaan in aad la dheesho in soosaarid macquul ah.

Taariikhda ballet Ruushka u dhaco si heer cusub. nooleenta waxay bilaabeen inay Petra Chaykovskogo, oo qoray music ee soo saarka ugu horeysay choreographic. In taariikhda oo dhan ballet, markii music ugu horeysay waxa uu noqday muhim ah sida qoob ka. Oo xataa muuqday on par leh music opera iyo darey symphonic. Haddii music inay Tchaikovsky hoos xubno qoob ka qoray, hadda ah actor ballet plasticity, dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo nimcada ayuu wuxuu doondoonay inuu u gudbiyo niyadda ka muusikada iyo dareen, ka badan si ay uga caawiyaan daawadayaasha inay daaha ka rogaan goob, diyaariso qoraalo laxamiistaha ee. adduunka ayaa weli jecel yahay caanka ah "Swan Lake."

Muyuusiga Gorsky keenay saarka qaybaha casriga ah ee jihada, waxaan bilaabay in ay fiiro gaar u weyn in la tukado ee farshaxanka goobta, Mu'minaadka ah in daawadayaasha waa in si buuxda Hawiyaha in waxa ka dhacaya on stage. Waxa uu ka reebnay isticmaalka xubno MIME. Mitidnimo ah u beddesho xaaladda Fokine. Ayuu soo noolaaday ballet ka taataabtay oo qaaday luqadda jirka ah qoob ka cayaarka iyo afhayeenka cad u. Sida laga soo xigtay Fokin, dira kasta masraxa waa in uu ahaadaa mid gaar ah. Ie music, style qoob ka cayaarka iyo naqshad u leeyihiin in ay noqon gaar ah si ay view gaar ah. In ka sano ee hore ee qarnigii XX ogeysiisyada ee laga duubay uu wax soo saarka "Habeenka dalka Masar," "The Swan dhimashada", "midsommar Night ee Dream," "Acis iyo Galatea" iyo kuwa kale.

In 1908 Diaghilev S. P. Fokin casuumay si ay u noqdaan agaasimaha weyn oo ka mid ah "Seasons Ruush" PSG. Iyada oo martiqaad this Fokin noqday caansan dunida ee ku. A fanaaniinta ballet Ruush steel sanad walba in guushii u dhaqmaan caasimada Faransiiska. Taariikhda qoobka ballet Ruush ammaanay Hobollada Qaranka Ruush, oo magacyadoodiina waa la yaqaan dunida oo dhan: Adolf Bolm, Anna Pavlova, Tamara Karsavina, Vaslav Nijinsky, iwm waa inta lagu guda jiro hoos u dhaca ballet Yurub.!

Diaghilev qaaday fursad iyo guuleystay. Markaasuu soo wada shiriyey Hobollada ka mid ah dhallinyarada oo tayo leh jilayaasha ballet oo wuxuu siiyey gacan free. Ogol yahay in ay shaqeeyaan ka baxsan qaabka guud ee la yaqaan, taas oo ku riday caan ah, laakiin mar hore ilaa xad jir Petipa.

Freedom of tallaabo karti ahaydba in la ogaado oo isu muujiyaan. Waxa intaa dheer in kuwan tabo cusub kacaan Diaghilev soo jiitay in qurxinta ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan ee saffarro uu (Jean Cocteau, A. Derain, Picasso) iyo composers (K. Debissi, Ravel, Stravinsky). Haddaba wax soo saarka kasta oo ballet ahaa masterpiece ah.

Ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar, qoobka iyo choreographers badan oo ka tagay magaalada Hargeysa Ruush. Laakiin laf-dhabar u hadhay. Tartiib tartiib u noqdaan u dhaw in ay dadka ballet Ruushka. Pages taariikhda ka dambeeya Samaynta ... Arag in dheeraad

Ka dib markii bartamihii qarnigii XX ah, qoobka iyo choreographers jiilka cusub ayaa ku soo laabtay ka thumbnail goobta illoobay qoob, Symphony iyo ballet in mid ka mid fal. Tirada istuudiyaha iyo tiyaatarka waxaa si joogto ah u koraya.

"The guul", qoob cayaarto, naqdiya ballet

The qoob Ruush caanka Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya galay isagoo dib ugu Empire Ruushka, September 11, 1915. dugsiga sare ka dib ayay soo gashay iyo in si guul ah 1933 ka qalin Choreographic School Leningrad ee. Waxay baratay caanka Vaganova Agrippina. Laga soo bilaabo wakhtigaas in 1941 Krasovskaja adeegta Tiyaatarka. Kirov. Waxay ku mashquulsan tahay in ay ballets of waajihid tacliimeed.

In 1951, Vera M. dugsiga graduate ee Leningrad Tiyaatarka Institute qalin. Ostrovsky, ka dib tababarka aasaasiga ah ee macalimiinta ah ee tiyaatarka.

dugsiga xirfad helay Krasouskaya ugu horeysay ee fasalka ka mid ah Agrippina Vaganova, ka dibna postnovkah ballet ee Tiyaatarka Mariinsky ah, Xoolo ah aqoonta baaxadda encyclopedic, laandheere, dhaqanka iyo amarka cajiib ah oo ah afka (Faransiis iyo Ingiriisi), ogolaanin inuu noqdo mid cajiib ah oo xaqiiqo ah naqdiya ugu weyn tahay ballet.

Sannadkii 1998, waxaa war fiican faafin dunida tiyaatarka oo dhan. Premium "uuu" badisay Vera Mihaylovna Krasovskaya. Taariikhda ballet Ruush, taas oo iyadu ku tilmaamay in buugaagta (qaar ka mid ah lagu turjumay luqadaha ajnabiga) iyo articles (300) sida taariikhyahan farshaxanka iyo naqdi, sameeyey guusha Vera Mikhailovna ah "uuu" Ruush Award xorta ah. Abaalmarinta waxay waxaa la siiyaa guulaha ugu badan ee fanka iyo suugaanta.

Sanadkii 1999 Krasouskaya Vera Mikhailovna tegey.

epilogue

Taariikhda ballet Ruush la Mahdiyo qabaneysa magacyada reer sayid of qoob, kuwaas oo kaalin weyn in ay formation of xardheen Ruush. Tani waxay caan Didlo S., M. Petipa, A. Saint-Leon, S. Diaghilev, Fomin, iyo kuwo kale oo badan. talent ah fanaaniinta Ruush seefqaad ah oo maanta soo jiidataa tiro badan oo daawadayaasha adduunka oo dhan.

Ilaa maantadan la joogo, shirkadaha ballet Ruush waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay ugu fiican adduunka.