St. Andrew ee Cathedral ee Kronstadt: taariikhda, sawiro

Waxaan bixinaa si aad u bartaan mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha Ruush ugu caansan oo leh taariikh aad u xiiso badan. Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt - riyo fulin waayay this of Peter I. boqorkii Tani arkay magaalada Ruush "sida Amsterdam." Its xarunta ku taallay Vasilyevsky Island.

Fikradda ah Peter Weyn

Laga soo bilaabo 1716 in 1718 oo dhanka horumarka ah magaalada waxa lagu qeexaa meesha, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa in ay ku sugan Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt. Waxay ahayd in Wadda hore ee laba iyo tobankii kulliyadaha. Nolosha mustaqbalka ee golaha sidan loo arkaa xarunta isbedelka waqtiga Peter, kaas oo saftay dulqaadka diimaha. Sidaa darteed, Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt waxaa loogu tala galay in oo keliyana ma aha dadkii waddankayaga degganaa oo ku midoobaan: Orthodox ka, Catholics, Lutherans, - laakiin sidoo kale dadka ajnabiga galay hal jilitaanka oo aan xuduudaha, bulshada Christian. Dhismaha ay awood cilmaani ah ayaa muujiyay midnimada Christian Europe gobolka Ruush.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalka dowladda iyo dadkii ku abtirsan jiifay Cathedral ee Peter aan micne lahayn. Ka hor inta horta dhagax la dhigay in ay aasaas, way qabsadeen soddon sannadood.

Vasilevsky Island ilaa 1719

On Vasilevsky Island ilaa 1719 ka jiray ku dhowaad dhismayaasha jirin, marka laga reebo qolalka Menshikov la kaniisadda alwaax iyaga la, iyo sidoo kale dejinta a Faransiis, kuwaas oo la degganaa by ajaanibta farsamo. Ka dib markii 1719 bilaabay inuu la dhisay oo qoryo iyo dhagax dhismaha qorshaha ansixiyey Peter I.

Bilow dhismaha ee jasiiradda

Dhismaha dhismayaasha, ku Qaddarray for ugu muhiimsan ee meesha rasmiga ah (loox), waxay bilaabeen in 1722. Halkan, on laba jibbaaran ee hore iyaga ka mid ah, Emperor ee la goostay meel mustaqbalka ee kaniisadda.

Catherine aan, xaaskiisa of Peter, si aan ku dhaxlo carshiga uu dhintay ka dib, rabitaanka xaaska marxuumka waxaa si buuxda u kala soocay. On Island Vasilyevsky by blocks waqtigii ilaha iyo jidadka mustaqbalka ayaa durba la aqoonsaday. Marka la eego baahida loo qabo dhismaha kaniisadda kuwa ku noolaa jasiiradda, waxaa la aqbalo go'aanka in la beddelo meesha of dhismaha mustaqbalka. Waxaa la siiyaa on geeska of khadadka 6aad iyo Bolshoy Prospect, kaas oo ku noqon doontaa inay kiniisadda in dhagax la dhacaa waqti. Laakiin marka hore, waxaan bilownay dhismaha alwaax ah, ku meel gaar ah.

Kaniisadda ugu horeysay

Bookmark dhismaha ee 1728 ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey. Dhismaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 1731. Waxa ay ahayd kaniisad hal dabaq suubban, kuwaas oo daaqadaha fiiriyey on Avenue Grand ah. author mashruuca waa la garanayn, laakiin mid ka mid ah u qaadan karnaa in ay ahayd George Trezzini..

In 1732, 8 October, Feofan Prokopovich ayaa la daahiriyeyna waxay kaniisad cusub ee magaca Andreya Pervozvannogo. sheekh ayaa lagu tiriyaa saddex wadaaddada. Dadka deggan Vasilyevsky Island ee November 1733 ayaa loo aaneeyey inay amarka Guddiga Ruuxaani of Church St. Andrew ee. Waxaa la booqday by Wajiyada badan caanka ah ee St. Petersburg, oo waxa uu xitaa waxaa ku qalabaysan meel boqornimo. At diimed weyn, lagu qabtay July 30, 1745, waxa ay qaaday dhaartii Trediakovskii Lomonosov. kaniisadda Tani waxay hoos bacdi qoyska gooyo ahaa. Anna Ivanovna jeclaaday iyada booqasho. Waxay siiyeen lacag maacuunta iyo u keen. xabaalo yaryar A ku xigay kiniisadda. Halkan, xeerkii, oo waxaa lagu aasay BF Dolgoruky, Senator, mid ka mid ah asaxaabta Peter.

Dhismaha kaniisad dhagax cusub

Parishioners ee 1740 soo jeestay in Anne Ioannovne iyo iyada codsaday in la dhiso kaniisad ku soo socda si ay dhagaxa. magaalada dhisay Guddiga April 5, 1740 idman dhismaha dhismaha dhagax cusub, hadda kululayn (in jir ah waxa uu ahaa mid aad u qabow). Horeba in isla sanadkaas, on April 21 bandhigay qorshe. Qoraaga mashruucan ayaa sidoo kale lama yaqaan, laakiin naqshadeeyaha ugu O. P. Trezini May 29 wargeliyay guddiga Ruuxaani in dhismaha uu noqon doono ay gacanta ku hayaan.

Synod Quduuska ah ayaa ka mid ah June 2, 1740 idman dhismaha, isagoo sheegay in go'aanka magaca ka dib markii dhismaha noqon doonaa. On dhismaha kaniisadda markii qaar ka mid ah ka dib markii aan la siiyay noocyo kala duwan oo qalab, musmaarro iyo lime, kaas oo ku hadhay ka dib markii dayactir ah ee guryaha ee St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu wada noolaa Ambassador reer Faaris ahaa oo la wefdigiisa.

In 1760, 17 October, kaniisadda dhowaan la dhisay dhagaxa kululaynta kariyaha ahaa quduus ka dhigay magaca Hierarchs Saddex ka. Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt waxa uu ku yaalaa albaabka soo socda si ay dhismaha, ee teed dhankiisa midigta waxaa ka mid ah. Kaniisadda cusub dhagax-dhismeedka laba sheeko, qaab qorshe, on bulukeeti dhulka hoostiisa. durbaanka waa yar, octagonal, dabaq ka samaysan yihiin meelaha dedan oo dhagax ah yimaddeen. Laga qaaday kaniisadda guriga of iconostasis Menshikov ee meeshiisii istaagay ilaa 1827, ka dib markii taas oo lagu bedelay mid cusub oo la deeqay ka kaniisadda guriga Titova, Major-General. In dahabluhu workshop FA Verkhovtseva loo yaqaan, waxaa la soo saaray ee 1861 poods of keen lacag ah, loogu tala galay meesha allabariga sare. Leeyay image saddex, iskutallaabtiisana ha lagu qurxiyey la.

10 dawanno la dhigay on munaaraddii dawan laba-tier ee cathedral cusub. Waxay caan ku yihiin dhawaqa qurux badan yihiin. Polyeleos iyo Qiyaame - iyaga intoodii badnayd. Cathedral ayaa sidoo kale caan ku tahay iconostasis alwaax ku xardhay in style Baroque ah. Nasiib darro, artist ka qoray icon ee Badbaadiyeheenna ah (Grigoriya Bogoslova, Vasiliya Velikogo iyo Ioanna Zlatousta), ayaa sidoo kale weli la garanayn.

saarin rasmi ah kiniisadda dhagax ee St. Andrew ah

belaayaysan yihiin Great ka dhacay 1763, 4 July. Church Wooden St. Andrew ee Hillaaca Nuuri. Waxay ku guuldareystay inuu difaaco dab. Synod waxaa loo oggolaaday inuu dhiso 6 October halkii dhismaha dhagax la gubo oo alwaax Kronstadt St. Andrew ee Cathedral. Taariikhda faahfaahsan ee dhismaha dhismahan la munaaraddii dawan iyo shan madax oo, nasiib daro, waa aan la aqoon. In 1764, 18 July, waxaa jiray saarin a rasmi ah ee cathedral ee (hoos ku bixisaa sawir isaga ah).

Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt maanta u muuqataa jidkaas. A. I. Petrov, St. Petersburg taariikhyahan, doodaysaa in buugga uu cinwaankiisa yahay "History of St. Petersburg" Alexei Ivanov ahaa qoraaga ee mashruuca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu ma la xaqiijiyay. Liidata fahamsan reconstructions taariikhda iyo dhismaha cathedral ah, laakiin waxaa la ogsoon yahay in 1766, on August 8, gudaha kaniisad lagu jiro shuqullada burburay qubbad. Naqshada AF ogayn, author of mashruuca, ayaa la xiray. Waxaa soo baxay in burburkii sababay qalad lahayn qoraaga, iyo tayada liidata ee qalabka ka cathedral la dhameeyey. suugaanta cilmaani ah iyo wacdina, taariikhda saxda ah ee ay dhamaystirka aysan jirin, laakiin on dhismaha ee 1950 ayaa lagu rakibay huurada a xusuus, sida ay taas, waxaa la dhisay sanadihii la soo 1764-1780 (naqshada - Wiest).

daad

Ka dib markii daadka ka dhacay 1824, Cathedral godka biyaa ka buuxsamay. Qaadigu wuxuu ku amartay in ay seexdaan si looga fogaado in daadadka ay suurtogal tahay in mustaqbalka iyo in ay xirto iridda hore ee wareegga isaga dhega la '.

meelo allabari dhagax

March 10, 1848 waxaa la go'aamiyay in lifaaq labada dhinac allabariga dhagax cathedral ee. Ka dhigan tahay iyaga in ay la soo ururiyay ka parishioners. Naqshada Project - H. ISKD. Chapel ee xaq u ahaa magaca male ah ee Our Lady, oo bidix - magaca H. Myra. Waxay la dhigay 1848, on July 31 oo quduus lagaga dhigay laba sano on 15 October. Qarnigii sagaal iyo waxa u muuqatay, sida ku cad sawirka, St. Andrew ee Cathedral (Kronstadt).

Church The noqonaya grander

Kharash ku baayacmushtariyaasha parishioners AI Timenkova iyo V. A. Frolova ee 1850, shan cutub munaaraddii cathedral iyo dawan waxay ahaayeen sharraxnaan jirtay iyo daboolay hardware cusub. decoration Gudaha beddelmay ee 1858. Waxaa markaa dib-u-toogasho rinjiyeynta ee meelaha dedan, oo derbiyadeeda, redid iconostasis ah, wax sharraxsan, sharraxnaan jirtay on the meelaha dedan oo booska. iconostasis saddex nooc ah sameeyey, xardhay, sharraxnaan jirtay. Afar iyo images oo ka mid ah heerarka labaad iyo saddexaad ayaa rinji by artist ah Shishkin. Iconographer Poshekhonov qoray laba heerka ugu horeysay.

Wada jir ah ula golaha ee masaalkan ku nool waxaa la dhisay barxadda guriga dhagax. ilaa 1826 yar, laba-story Wuxuu ahaa. On lacag kaniisadda ee 1826 si ay u dhisaan on its dabaqa saddexaad.

dab A ee 1897

In 1897, July 24, at toban SFIga oo habeenkii, jasiiradda u muuqday in laga shido oo xoog ku filan. Xaqiiqada ah in kor nalalka St. Andrew ee Cathedral (Kronstadt). Si macbudka ku yaaceen dadkii badnaa, waxaa jira koox oo kala duwan u orotameen Gurmadka Dab-demisku. Waxay soo saartaa gilding of domes inta lagu guda jiro dayactir ku xigta. In qaybta sare sabab aan la garanayn qabtay set dab ku wareegsan qubbad ee cathedral iyo alwaax a alwaax. Iyada oo dadaal ah damiska geesi ah oo waxaa lagu burburiyay, laakiin qayb ka mid ah saqafka waqti isku mid ah soo gaaray.

Masiirka ee Cathedral ee St. Andrew sannadaha Soviet

In 1918, on January 23, oo uu ku naadiyey SNK amar, sida laga soo xigtay oo kiniisadda waxaa gooni ka gobolka. Waxaa la sheegay in jirin nolosha diinta iyo kiniisadda ma leedahay kartaa hantida. hantida oo dhan ay la caddayn hantida qaranka. Church ayaa laga badiyay saamaynta ay ku quluubta iyo maskaxda ah jiilka ka yar, waxaa lagu fuliyay qarniyo, tan iyo markii, sida uu amar this dugsiga waxaa gooni ka kiniisadda.

Ka dib markii tiro ka mid ah goobaha dalka (ugu of dhan - Gobolka Volga ah) ayaa ku qasbeen in abaarta ba'an ayaa ku riday malaayiin qof oo qarka u of gaajo, ee February 23, 1922 Dowladda Soviet soo saaray amar. Dhammaan qiimaha leh kaniisadda ahaayeen in la laga saaray macbudyo in loo isticmaalo by gobolka inay hadhuudh ka iibsadaan dibadda.

Dhammaan qiimaha Andrew ee Cathedral ayaa la wareegay bishii March 1922. Waxaa intaa dheer, qaar ka mid ah wadaaddada, yaa ka soo horjeeda, ayaa la qabtay oo la xukumay.

Xubnaha ugu firfircoon ee hore 1938 ayaa la xiray by NKVD ah, ka dibna qaado Levashovsky cidla. Waxaa ay la toogtay. Cathedral Kronstadt St. Andrew ee, sawir ah kaas oo la soo bandhigay warqad this, la xiray May 16, 1938. Parishioners u suurtagashay in ay koraan ilaa plywood iconostasis iyo loox. Taas darteed badbaaday ilaa maantadan la joogo relic this, taas oo ah si hagaagsan ayuu ku faani Kronstadt. Cathedral St. Andrew ee, kaas oo lagu kaydiyaa hadda waa ururinta a museum, ijaaray sanado badan oo ay Institute of Anthropology iyo Ethnography. A guri saddex dabaq, kaas oo ilaa 1974 la degganaa by wiilashii wadaaddada, waxaa dib u dejin.

laabtay kaniisadda

Church of Hierarchs Saddex ka soo noqday July 15, 1991. Waxay ahayd mid lagu wareejiyay bulshada ee Cathedral St. Andrew ee weligeed ah. shaqada dib u soo celinta bilaabay sannadkii 1994, oo maanta St. Andrew ee Cathedral (Kronstadt) dib loo soo celiyo. Waxay la dhigay, iskutallaabtiisana on belfry iyo Xamar, saqafka bedelay, iyo sidoo kale dayactirka la sameeyo. dhar bir ah ayaa lagu soo iibsaday, waayo, meeshii allabariga iyo meesha carshiga, iyo sidoo kale calanka u fara badan iyo taarikada kaniisadda.

Location iyo jadwalka adeegyada

Maanta kiniisadda shaqaynayso. Qof kasta booqan kartaa Cathedral St. Andrew ee Kronstadt. Cinwaanka: Vasilevsky Island, line 6aad, 11. Saacadaha ay furan tahay: maalin kasta ka 9 subaxnimo ilaa 7 fiidnimo. On maalin kasta la siiyo, waxaad u iman kartaa in adeegga ee St. Andrew ee Cathedral (Kronstadt). Jadwalka adeegyada sida soo socota: liturgia qabtay 10 am, qirashada - at 9:30, adeegga fiidkii waxaa lagu qabtay 17 saac.