Shucaaca: dose halis ah aadanaha

shucaaca waxaa ionizing shucaaca qayb cqaadir iyo beero jirka. Waayo, soo-gaadhista shucaaca kuma jiraan Ultraviolet rays oo kala duwan oo iftiin arki karo. Awoodda in ay ionize walax aanu haysan hirarka counter raadiyaha iyo microwaves, waa shucaaca ma. dose dilaaga aadanaha aan kiimikaysan abuuray by hababka kiimikada, shucaaca waxaa loola jeedaa in ay tallaabo jirka.

The xoog iyo dose

Power of shucaaca waa xaddiga lacagta ee ionization muddo waqti go'an. Waayo, unit xoog halkaas - micro-roentgen saacadiiba.

Qiyaasta keentay waxaa lagu cabbiraa qiyaasta guud ahaan, ay go'aamiyeen xoogga shucaaca by muddada microparticles sidaas loo xisaabiyaa qiyaasta halista ah ee shucaaca aadanaha, taas oo horseedaysa in la dilo bateen. Si loo qiyaaso sievert loo isticmaalo qiyaas u dhiganta (Sv), si ay u xisaabiso awoodda la go'aamiyo per sievert saac (Sv / h).

Si loo xisaabiyo qiyaasta u dhigma ka-gaadhista ee rays ee noocyada kala duwan tixgeliyaan xoogga shucaaca la doonayo dhinaca sievert ah. Tusaale ahaan, si loo go'aamiyo qiyaasta guud ee falalka gamma-ray Gallobayse 100 roentgens 1 Sv. kuuro yar oo ka yar 1 Sv xisaabiyo ee la xiriira:

• 1 mSv (mSv) si siman u 1/1000 sievert;
• 1 Sv (mikrozivert) si siman u 1/1000 milliziverts millionth ama sievert.

qalab A lagu qiyaaso shucaaca

qalabka caadiga ah Standard ee go'aaminta heerka qiyaasta ama awood toos ah u gal qalab iyo shaqaale qalabka, shucaac ah. Dosimetry la sameeyaa inta lagu jiro waqtiga-gaadhista shucaaca, tusaale ahaan, shaqada, ama fulinta hawlaha samatabbixinta.

dose A halis ah shucaac si a X-rays aadanaha ku xiran tahay xoojinta shucaaca ee meesha uu qofka shaqaalaha ah haddii heerka guud waa in ka badan 600 oo unugyada, ka dibna nolol cindiga sida halis. alaabta gaadiid baaro, alaabta, cabiraya asalka dhismayaasha iyo dhismayaasha. Qof walba meelaha la khatarta ah ee wasakhda shucaaca booqanaya, shucaac helo isticmaalka shakhsi si joogto ah.

Galaan dhul aan la aqoon, sida buuraha, harooyinka, socday tug ama qaado miro iyo boqoshaa, qaado qalabka si tilmaamaan meesha ka hor helo dheer. Waxaa la go'aamiyey by xoogga goobta shucaaca ka hor dhismaha ama iibka ah ee dalka. shucaaca asalka aan la dhimay iyo waxa aan la saaro darbiyada dhismayaasha iyo waxyaabaha, si khatarta ah ee pre-ogaado isticmaalayo shucaac ah.

Fikradda ah shucaaca

Qaar ka mid ah nuclei deganayn ku jira atamka awood u koraya ama muuq beelayo. Marxaladani waxay kordhinayaan in la sii daayo udhigo free. Waxaa jira hawada shucaaca, tamar-awood, awood-simaha on waxyaabaha ku xeeran iyo cadhaysiinina ah ee udhigo cusub la'aan negative iyo positive. Qiyaas sun ah ee shucaaca ee RAD waxay dhacdaa marka qof ku gubaa 600 RAD, 100 RAD diidanyihiin ah (unit off-system) = 100 roentgens.

Sababaha wasakhda shucaaca

Saamaynta of arrimo kala duwan iyo xaalado keeni ilayska qeybta sare:

• luma walxaha shucaaca ka dabiiciga ah ee daruurtii nuclear qaraxa;
• marka shucaaca laaluusheen, taasoo keentay in ay u sameeyaan a noocyada isotope radioactive ee ficil degdeg ah ee rays gamma iyo neutrons, la sii daayay inta lagu guda jiro qarax nuclear,
• Saamaynta ugu weyn ee shucaaca dibedda ee gamma iyo beta rays;
• dose halis ah oo shucaac lagu muujiyay at cindiga gudaha ah ka dib soo-gaadhista ee isotopes shucaaca gudaha jidhka bini'aadamka ka hawada ama cunto;
• wasakhda shucaaca waxaa ka xanaajiyey in masiibooyinka nin-dhigay nabadda goobaha nuclear, gaadiidka aan habooneyn iyo asturidda qashinka nukliyeerka.

nooca shucaaca

Khatarta in aadanuhu waa microparticles shucaaca, taasoo keentay in cudurka jidhka iyo dhimashada. baaxadda saamaynta ay ku xiran tahay noocyada of rays, duration iyo inta jeer:

• culus Alfa-walxaha, nuclei wanaagsan eedeeyay ka dib markii ay burburtay (dambaysta ah waxaa ka mid ah thoron, Cobalt-60, uranium, radon);
• Qurub beta waa electrons caadiga strontium-90, Kaliumpermanganat-40, Cesium-137;
• rays gamma wakiil Qurub leh awood sare cabaar (cesium-137, Cobalt-60);
• X-rays adag, gamma-sida-Qurub, laakiin ka yar firfircoon, ku siin americium-241, waa il joogta ah dhacdo of qorraxda;
• Neutrons yihiin natiijada burburkii diirkja plutonium ah, ay raasamaal lagu arkay deegaanka ee tigoodu nuclear.

noocyo qaadasho

Oo u dhiganta qiyaas ku ool go'an waa qadaraadda qaadasho shucaac on jidhka sida natiijo ah oo xaddi gaar ah oo ah waxyaabo waxyeello leh. Tiradan waxaa la tixgelinayo dareen oo ka mid ah xubnaha gudaha iyo waqtiga joogitaanka walax shucaaca ee jirka (mararka qaarkood nolosha oo dhan). Xaaladaha qaarkood, qiyaas halis ah ee shucaaca ee X-rays waxaa lagu cabbiraa mid ka mid ah jirka ee la doortay.

Ambidentate dose dhiganta go'aamiyo qiimaha in ka heli karto qof, haddii la joogo ee dhulka oo ah halka dosimetry waxaa loo sameeyaa, tilmaanta waxaa lagu cabiraa sievert.

Saamaynta wasakhda shucaaca on jidhka bini'aadamka

shucaaca kasta, taasoo keentay in dhismaha ee deegaanka ee Qurub korontada oo leh calaamado kala duwan, ionizing tixgeliyo. The background radiation kala firdhiyey si joogto ah uu weheliyo nin, waxay abuurtaa shucaaca runtan, saamaynta qorraxda, ilaha dabiiciga ah ee radionuclides iyo qaybaha kale ee biosphere ah.

Si aad u shaqeeyo xaalado halis ah si ay u ilaaliyaan shaqaalaha la dharka gaarka ah, raacaan heerarka ammaanka. Cindiga ee jirka helo goobta shaqada ee tijaabo jireed iyo kiimikada, fulinta kormeerka, cilmi baaris caafimaad, sahan dhulka iyo kuwa kale.

Waxaa isbeddel-gaadhista

dose A halis ah shucaac si aadanaha ee unugyada RAD waa in ka badan 600 oo kaxeeya xagga dhimashada. Cindiga at dose oo ah 400 600 RAD kor u dhacdo xanuun shucaaca iyo waxay keeni kartaa isbedel ah hiddo. Action Isbadal ionized ee jirka yar bartay, Isbedelo isu muujin ka ab. waqti faafinta siinayaa xaq u leeyahay inuu ka shakiyin, waxaa jiray isbedel ayaa saamayn shucaac ama sababo kale.

Isbedelo muuqaalka qaybsan yahay xukuma, muuqanaya in muddo gaaban ka dib markii uu tallaabo-gaadhista iyo recessive. Nooca labaad ee teedu laftiisa, haddii hooyada iyo ilmaha ay leeyihiin hal hiddo qaadheen. waxaa isbeddel ma toos ab dhowr, ama ma at dhan nin ka walwalsan tahay. Xumaanshaha ee ilmaha caloosha ku adag tahay in la go'aamiyo in ay dhacdo dhalmada dhicis ah, haddii isbedel ah ma ogola embriyaha in ay gaaraan da'da qabiil.

bukaanka shucaaca. leukosis

In dejinta ee cudurka shucaac bukaanka waxa si wayn u saameeyeen shucaaca. A halis ah dose of shucaaca keenaysaa in dhimashada, laakiinse ma heerarka gaadhista khatar yar ee ka 200 600 p, keeni bukaanka shucaaca. Shucaacu waxay saameysaa qof ka dib markii saameyn hal awood ama wax lays joogta ah shucaaca awood yar yahay. Tusaale ahaan waa shuqulkii dhakhtar ma u adkeysan gaadhista joogto ah oo xanuunsan cudurrada caadiga ah.

The ugu halista badan waa saamaynta fallaadhaha on jidhka nugul ah ilaa 15 sano. About size ee dose ah loo dhanyahay lahayn, cilmi siiyo qiyaas dulqaad kala duwan ee 50, 100 iyo 200 p. pathogenesis waxaa bartay in machadyada cilmi-baarista, leukemia shucaaca ka badan ay heli karaan daaweyn.

cudurada Oncological

Daraasadda ku saabsan saamaynta shucaaca on aadanaha adag by xaqiiqada ah in for ah ee xogta guud bartay kooxo badan oo dad ah, oo waa wax aan macquul aheyn oo aan tijaabo oo gaar ah. Maxaa qiyaas halis ah ee shucaaca waa halis ah, iyo waxa heerka kansarka keenaya burooyinka aadanaha aan lagu xukumi karaa by tijaabo xoolaha.

In la eego qoondaynta of dose khatar ku keeni burooyin kansar, ma jiraan wax xog gaar ah. dose kasta oo shucaaca la helay by jidhka siinaysaa u kaca si ay u bilaabaan qeybinta unug dagaal badan. In daliilka inta jeer ee cudurka waxaa loo kala saaraa sida soo socota:

• waa muujinta ugu badan ee kansarka,
• 1000 haween ka tirsan kooxda halista ah, kansarka naasaha 10 bukaan-darro darteed;
• tirakoobka la mid ah kansarka thyroid.

Shucaaca degree adkaanta bukaanka

Calaamadaha bukaanka shucaaca waa madax xanuun joogta ah, dhaqdhaqaaqa oo yaraada, dhaqdhaqaajinta jirka ah isuduwidda, lallabo, matag, madax wareer, caloosha iyo cudurada caloosha. Waa maxay qiyaasta shucaaca waa sun ah si aadanuhu:

• Cad heerka kowaad ka dib markii muddo qarsoon laba todobaad ah, cudurka waxa sababa cindiga of 100 ilaa 200 roentgens;
• waayo, muujinta oo ahaa darajadii labaad ka dib markii dose cindiga 200 ilaa 400 oo X-rays ah, dhimasho ku dhacaa qayb ka mid afraad bandhigi;
• bukaanka shucaaca marxaladda saddexaad - waa dhimashada in 50% ka mid ah xaaladaha, waayo dhacdo ee dose shucaac ku filan oo ah 400 600 roentgens;
• afraad, wajiga ugu khatarta badan, sidoo kale keena shucaaca. dose dilaaga ah 600 roentgens, dhimasho ku dhacaa 100% ee kiisaska.

Hababka badbaadinta shakhsi haddii ay dhacdo meelaha wasakhda shucaaca

The falalka caadiga ah ee dadweynaha ee dhulka haddii shucaac ah. Qiyaas sun ah ee shucaaca waa khatar ku ah nolosha, sidaas darteed si loo yareeyo dhimashada daadguraynta dadka abaabulan ee dhismaha, kuwaas oo loo kala qaybiyey on heerka ilaalinta hoyga bam caasimada, dhulka hoostiisa, dhismayaasha alwaax iyo baabuurta. Waxaa ugu fiican in loo ilaaliyo qaabka nooca ugu horeysay, kuwa kale waxaa lagu daaweeyaa sida hoy ku meel gaar ah oo degdeg ah.

tallaabooyin wax ku ool ah waxaa ka mid ah ilaalinta neefsashada, biyo iyo sahay cunto. daruuriya Shelter sameeyey ka hor haddii ay jirto halis ah qaraxa ama loo sii daayo. Isticmaal daawada anti-shucaaca aan loo isticmaalaa in lagu siiyo cusub caano.

Soo saaray si joogto ah sanitization iyo jeermi goobaha, at fursad kasta dadka daadgureeyay ka baxsan aagga cudurka. Dhimista-gaadhista gudaha by baabi'inta qabashada ciidda bixiyo respirators, wax ku ool ah 80% ee kiisaska. Tirada yar siinayaa faashad faashad afar lakab, laakiin waxay ka dhigan tahay iyadoo la isticmaalayo oo dhan at ilaalinta gacanta. Sida rainwear shaadirrada isticmaalo karaahiyo, xaaladaha khatarta ah, filimka polyetylen ah.

Gabagabo waa in la sheegay in goobta shucaaca aanu hoos u faddarayn, halista cudurka aadanaha la yareeyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo hab shakhsi ah ilaalinta iyo xakameeyo dose shucaaca ka helay by yahay ee dosimeters.