Pituitary: hormoonnada iyo shaqada. qanjirka pituitary iyo shaqada ee jirka

Pituitary (qanjirka pituitary ama maskaxda xuubka hoose) - waa xubin hormoonada jidhka ah, oo ku yaalla salka of maskaxda. More si gaar ah, oo korka ka hooseysa oo dhanba, jeebka ee lafta, oo la yidhaahdo koore Turkiga. Tani bir ah in nin size aad u yar oo ku saabsan digir ah waa formation wareeg ah oo miisaankeedu yahay kaliya 0.5 c. Laakiin inkastoo sida size yar, doorka hormoonnada soo saaray qanjirka pituitary ee, waa mid weyn.

qanjirka pituitary The. Hormoonnada iyo shaqada

qanjirka Tani yar waa xubin maamulaha nidaamka our hormoonada jidhka oo dhan. The hormoonnada in ay soo saartaa, saamayn ah hawlaha jidhka soo socda:

• dhalmo,
• -shiid,
• koritaanka.

Function iyo hormoonnada pituitary in ay soo saartaa, waxay xidhiidh dhow la. Si aad u dheeraad ah oo si fiican u baaraan arrintan, ka fiirsan si ay u bilaabaan dhismaha qanjirka hormoonada jidhka this.

qanjirka pituitary The. Dhismaha iyo shaqada pituitary ee

Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex qaybood oo waaweyn: hore, gadaal iyo dhexe, kaas oo ku kala duwan yihiin oo ay asal ahaan iyo qaab-dhismeedka. qanjirka pituitary bilaabmin si ay u sameeyaan in embriyaha at 4-5 todobaad horumarinta uurjiifka. xuubkii xukuntaa ay dusha epithelial soo sameeyey derbi danbe ee saabka afka, waxa loogu yeero kiish Rathke ee, sida a farac yar elongated. Inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta SNMna, uu korayo jihada of diencephalon ah.

Dambena xuubka sameeyay wax yar ka dib ka badan hore ee unugyada neerfaha diencephalon ah, halkaas oo qaybo, kuwaas oo ku soo biiray. Weli ka dib la sameeyey iyo xuubka dhexe ee pituitary ee. Waxay ka kooban tahay lakab khafiif ah ee unugyada. Dhammaan saddex pituitary muhiimad ahaan waa qanjidhada secretory oo kala duwan, oo mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah soo saara hormoonnada u gaar ah. qanjirka pituitary The (hormones iyo shaqada) qaadataa qayb weyn in nin dhan habka hormoonada jidhka.

Prehypophysis

jajab Tan waxaa loo yaqaan adenohypophysis iyo bulk of 'prostate' (70%). Waxay ka kooban tahay noocyada kala duwan ee unugyada qanjirka hormoonada jidhka. nooc kasta oo unug in ay soo saartaa ay share of hoormoonka. unugyada hormoonada jidhka Kuwani yeedhay adenocytes. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo adenocytes: chromophilic iyo chromophobe, kuwa oo hormoonada kale waxaa ku dhexsameeysmo jirka,

• Thyroid hormone madadaalo (TSH) - mas'uul ka ah waxqabadka secretory qanjirka thyroid ka.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - kobciyaa kiliyaha adrenal.
• hormoonnada Gonadotropic, oo ay ku jiraan dhiirrigelin follicle iyo hormoonnada farabadan (FSH, LH), mas'uul ka ah shaqo taranka.
• hormone Growth (bixinin) - mas'uul ka ah koritaanka, waxay u dareen kala daatay ee baruurta, Avv borotiinka ku jira unugyada iyo formation of glucose.
• hormone Luteotrophic ama prolactin, taas oo dejisa daryeelka dabiici ah habka farcankaaga, nuujinta, Dheef iyo koritaanka.

hormoonnada pituitary - doorkooda nafsaaniga ah ee jidhka bini'aadamka waa mid weyn.

somatotropin

hormone Growth (ama HGH) waxaa soo saaray ma joogto ah ku tuura ay dhacdo 3-4 jeer maalintii oo kaliya. Its dheecaan kor u muuqata marka la seexdo, iyadoo dhibta jidhka culus iyo inta lagu guda jiro soon. Horumarinta hormone this la hayo oo dhan nolosha qofka, laakiin waxa aad u yaraynaya da'da. Under saameynta ay hormone koritaanka ee dufanka unugyada Cuskada iyo carbohydrates. Sidaas darteed, sarkhaansan somatomedins soo saaray beerka, kor u qeybinta unug iyo Avv borotiinka, sidaas koritaanka lafaha dhacdaa.

Haddii ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee hormone koritaanka, sababo wax kasta, waa ku filan, ay ku horumarineyso haleelay xilligii uu. War sidee Joogaba oo dhan ku kaydsan yihiin jidhka, jidhka, sida caadiga ah caadi ah. Sayidka, failure ee qanjirka pituitary si toos ah saamayn ku height ee qofka.

dheecaan xad dhaafka ah ee hormone koritaanka sababa gigantism. Haddii hypersecretion dhacdaa carruurnimada, oo dhan Joogaba, oo jidhka ah ku kaydsan yihiin, iyo in qaangaarnimada-saarka waxa Acromegaly keena. Waxay u muuqataa addimada dhigmin dheer, sii kordhaya sanka iyo garka, iyo sidoo kale af iyo dhammaan xubnaha dheefshiidka.

hormone dhiirrigelin thyroid (TSH)

hormone Tani waxay dejisa waxqabad ee qanjirka thyroid. Under saameynta ay ku jirto dheecaan of triiodothyronine iyo tyroksiini. Waxaa shidaa cyclase adenylate eulayska, taas oo saameyn ku qaadashada ah ee iodine unugyada thyroid ka. Dheef-protein Intaas waxaa sii dheer, hoos tallaabo ee TSH waxaa la sameeyaa: korodhka waxsoosaarka acid nucleic iyo Avv borotiinka, koritaanka wanaajiyey iyo size kordhay unugyada thyroid.

Avv TTG awoodaan in ay koraan sarkhaansan qabow. falcelinta qabow u kordhiyaa wax soo saarka ee hormoonnada thyroid, waxay u horseeddaa formation weyn kulka jidhka. Glucocorticoids joogsada kartaa wax soo saarka ee TSH, wax la mid ah ka dhacaya sarkhaansan suuxdinta, dareen-celin xanuun ama dhaawac.

dheecaan xad dhaafka ah ee TSH lagu muujiyey clinical calaamadaha tayroodh (tayroodh).

hormone Adenokortikotropny

ACTH waa siman dhexsameeysmo jirka maalintii oo dhan. fiirsashada ee ugu sareeya waa in subaxdii laga bilaabo 6.00 in 8.00 saacadood, ugu yaraan - fiidkii ka 18.00 si ay u 23.00. ACTH dejisa ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee corticosteroids, kaas oo lagu sii daayo unugyada ka mid ah kiliyaha adrenal. dheecaan ee corticosteroids kordhiyaa dowladaha dareen xoog leh sida cabsi, xanaaq, stress chronic. Sayidka, ACTH si toos ah saamayn ku aadanaha dheelitirka dareenka. Sidoo kale Avv ACTH waxaa xoojinaya dareen diidmo xoog leh oo qabow iyo xanuun, stress jirka u daran. Hypoglycemia sidoo kale wuxuu kobciyaa-soo-saarka ACTH.

dheecaan xad dhaafka ah ee hormone this waxaa laga yaabaa in adenoma pituitary ah, cudurka waxa loo yaqaan pituitary Cushing ee. daliilka ay kala yihiin: hypertension, cayilka, iyo baruurta jidhka ururayaa on jidhka iyo wajiga, iyo addimada waa caadi, sii kordhaya fiirsashada of sonkorta ee dhiiga, hoos u difaaca.

wax soo saarka ku filnayn ee ACTH keenaysaa in hoos u dhac in ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee glucocorticoids iyo this, markeeda, waxaa lagu qeexay shiid iyo hoos u dulqaadasho shaqeeyo xadgudub saameynta deegaanka.

gonadotrophin

Waxay kormeeraan shaqada gonads ee ragga iyo dumarka labadaba. Sidaas daraaddeed, follikulotropin haweenka kobciyaa formation of kiishashka ee ugxan. Qeybtii lab saamaynta qarsoon ku saabsan horumarinta prostate iyo spermatogenesis (formation of manida).

Lyuteoptropin dejisa soo saarka ee androgens - hormoonnada lab (testosterone, androstenedione, iyo si bixi.) Oo estrogen - (. Estriol, estradiol, iyo kuwa kale) hormoonnada dhaddig.

Sayidka, qanjirka pituitary iyo hormoonnada ay ku lug leedahay shaqo ee ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnaha.

Dambena xuubka qanjirka pituitary ee

xuubkii dambena waxay neurohypophysis pituitary waxaa la yiraahdaa, waxaa ka kooban yahay unugyada epidermal, loo yaqaan unugyada pituitary. Neurohypophysis, iyo sidoo kale pituitary ee jilibka soo saarta hormoonnada. Hormoonnada ah pituitary dambe ee:

• oxytocin;
• Horomonka;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

All hormoonnada kuwaas qabtaan hawlaha gaarka ah ee jirka aadanaha. Aan ka hadalno qaar ka mid ah si gooni gooni ah.

oxytocin

Tusaale ahaan, oxytocin hormone saamayn muruqyada makaanka ee xilliga dhalmada. On dusha sare ee xuubka unug yihiin receptors gaar ah dareen u oxytocin. Inta aad uurka leedahay, hormone this uma siyaadiyo heer keeni kara jaqayo. Wax yar ka hor isu dhalay sarkhaansan estrogen ka hoormoonka dumarka kordhisaa dareenka ah in oxytocin iyo dhalmada dhacaan. Waxa kale oo ay u keenaysaa in hoos u dhac ku unugyada myoepithelial khadka qanjirka caanaha in dareen-soo-saarka caanaha.

Saamaynta of oxytocin oo jidhka ah oo lab ah waxaa si liidata fahamsan yahay. Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in uu awoodo in ay saameyn ku shuqulka xiidmaha derbiga, xammeetidu iyo kaadi haysta.

Horomonka (ADH)

Horomonka (sidoo kale loo yaqaan hormoonka antidiuretic - ADH) qabata laba hawlood ee jirka. Waxay leedahay tallaabo antidiuretic, i.e. wanaajisaa nuugay biyaha ee marinnada ururinta of kelyaha iyo, marka lagu daro, waxay saamayn ku arteriolar muruqyada siman ee (xididdada dhiigga ganaax ka halbowleyaasha kordhin), i.e. Waa inay awoodaan inay soo koobto Lumen ay. fiirsashada jir ah tallaabo taasi ma keeni saamayn weyn ku shaqeeyo iyo, qaabab pharmacological markii ay maamusho ADH arterioles foomka semi-saafi ah oo aad u cidhiidhi ah, kaas oo keena in la kordhiyo cadaadiska.

Sayidka, hormoonnada pituitary dambe marka ay keeni karaan horumarka aan ku filnayn ee diabetes Insipidus (action antidiuretic), taas oo ah maalintii la badiyay laga yaabaa in 15 litir oo dareere ah (wax soo saarka kaadida wada) waa. khasaare waa in had iyo goor, aamusa. Dadka cudurka macaanka qaba Insipidus la kulma harraad joogto ah.

xuubka dhexe ee pituitary ee

share-meelgaarka ah sidoo kale soo saarta tiro ka mid ah hormoonada, tusaale ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah hormone melanostimuliruyuschy, kaas oo masuul ka ah midabka maqaarka iyo timaha. Under saameynta ay la aasaasay melanin Midabka ah, kaas oo kaalin aad muhiim ah in qofka jinsigiisa dadka.

Taasoo la micno ah hormoonnada pituitary

Pituitary (hormones iyo hawlaha ay kor lagu sharaxay) si wadajir ah ula hypothalamus ah (Department of diencephalon), more hufan, nuclei ay neurosecretory shaqeeya. Si wada jir ah ay u sameeyaan nidaam hypothalamo-pituitary ee. Waxaa gacanta ku hawlgalka oo dhan qanjidhada hormoonada jidhka durugsan. Ku xadgudubka shaqada pituitary (xanuunada hormoon) keenaysaa in cawaaqib xun. Dhibaatooyinkaas lug endocrinologist.

qanjirka pituitary iyo shaqada ee jirka ku jira waa mid aad u muhiim ah. Waxay go'aan ka hawlgalka saxda ah ee dhammaan xubnaha iyo nidaamka.

Cudurada iyo Pathology

Marka dhibaatooyinka ka dhacaan sida qanjirka ah hormoonada jidhka yar yahay hormone pituitary oo ha hawlihiisa si fiican u shaqaynayn, oo jidhka bini'aadamka horumarin karaan cudurro halis ah:

• Acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• Insipidus diabetes;
• pituitary hypothyroidism ama tayroodh;
• hypogonadism pituitary;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• haleelay xilligii uu pituitary;
• cudurka Cushing ee;
• Sheehan ayaa syndrome.

cudurada noocan oo kale ah ku dhici kara haddii qanjirka pituitary waxaa aan ku dhexsameeysmo hormone ah, ama wax yar, ama, on lid ku ah, dhiiggu ku qubanayo aad u tiro badan oo ka mid ah. Function iyo pituitary hormoonada jirka waa muhiim. Waxay xadgudub ku keeni kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo heley u baahan in hab halis ah oo inta badan u baahan daaweynta hoormoonka.