Peterhof, park sare: farshaxan, ilaha, sawiro

Peterhof - park wayn leh ilaha iyo farshaxan badan, oo waxa uu ku yaalaa 29 kiiloomitir u jirta St. Petersburg, xeebta koonfureed ee Gacanka Finland. In ay baaxadda, park this aan gool xitaa Versailles Faransiis ah, waynida awdo u dhaafa.

park wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood: sare iyo Peterhof Hoose. park sare waa uga yar yahay hoose, laakiin aan liito isaga ugu quruxda iyo asalnimada. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa mid gaar ah oo xiiso leh hab iyaga u gaar ah. In our article aan inta badan diiradda on Park Sare. ugu yaraan wax yar ka caawi in ay soo bandhigaan raaxo, taas oo ah sawiro kala duwan Peterhof posted in maqaalka.

Taariikhda Park Waxbarashada

Maanta park galidoonaan boqornimo ka mid ah 4 Cascade raaxo iyo 176 ilo quruxda la ekaan. Iyo 300 oo sano ka hor, waxaa jiray meelaheeda dhoobada kaliya oo ku yaal agagaarka tuulada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1710s ah, Peter waxaan soo saaray amar on hore shuqullada firfircoon naqshadda iyo muuqaalka. Thanks to badan badbaaday dokumentiyada, sawirada iyo sawiro iyo xataa ilaa aannu ogaanno yimid in mashaariicda qaar ka mid ah ilaha, iyo sidoo kale fikirka ah qorshaynta galidoonaan guud iyo horumarinta nidaamyada biyaha ee ay leeyihiin boqor qudhiisa.

By 1723, joogitaanka ugu weyn ee madaxtooyada ayaa si buuxda u dhameeyey oo la odhan jiray "Peterhof". Furitaanka beerta, oo ay la socdaan olole caalami ah oo dhismaha weyn ee isha - Grand Cascade - sida dhacay sanadkan. Magaca "Peterhof" af Jarmal loo tarjumay sida "dubaan, Petrova." Laga soo bilaabo 1762 inuu u soo yeedho Peterhof noqday iyo magaalada ku koray agagaarka joogitaanka boqornimada, oo gurigii oo dhan iyo qalabka park, Fidiyay iyada ku wareegsan. Grand Cascade iyo dhowr ilo kale ayaa u hibeeyeen ilaa ay guusha Ruush in dagaalkii Northern ah, iyo in ka dib waxaa jiray Empire Ruush ah. dhismaha matxafka, hore u adeegay sidii degenaansho ee Emperor ah, ayaa diinta ka dib markii Kacaanka Oktoobar.

xilliga adag

Intii uu socday dagaalkii labaad ee caalamiga ah ee park ka yimid muddo mugdi ah, maxaa yeelay, madaafiicda cadowga ahaa ku dhowaad si buuxda u baabbi'iyey. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dadaallada ku dhowaad sarreeyaan shaqaalaha ee matxafka ku dhowaad 50 entries oo ku saabsan 8000 alaabta ee gudaha madaxtooyada mahad u suurtagashay in ay qaado xitaa ka hor qabsashadii Jarmal. Waxa uu ahaa, dabcan, ay guul muhiim ah ka tahay, balse, nasiib daro, waxyaabaha la badbaadiyey, waa uun qayb ka mid ah oo aad u suubban ee qaaliga ah oo dhan ee Peterhof.

Peterhof bilaabay inuu soo nooleeyo oo kaliya ka dib markii dagaalka, iyo shaqada dib u soo celinta wareegsan sii ilaa maantadan la joogo. In 1945 Park Hoose ee Peterhof la furay. Laba sano ka dib waxaa lagu dib-u-rakibay oo gebi ahaanba leydin caan ah "Samson" Isha, jet ah oo gobays 20 mitir sare kaas oo, si quruxdiisa cajiib mahad, lama burburiyey naasiga ah, oo waxaa kaliya loo qaaday Germany. Celinta Peterhof Palace bilaabay in 1952, iyo hoolalka ugu horeysay la furay in 12 sano. Ku dhawaad ka dambaska kacay leydin Peterhof. daahfurka uu ahaa mid aad u adag.

Peterhof Palace

Large Imperial Palace waa dhismaha ugu caansan ee park Peterhof raaxo leh. Wuxuu kibir u taagan in ka badan Cascade ee Grand taasoo keentay in goobta beerta. madaxtooyada ayaa lagu dhisay qaabka gaarka ah ee Markos Baroque, laakiin muddo ka dib waxa uu sii waday in ay dhammeystirto dhismaha ee style ee baaluq Baroque. Under madaxtooyada waa grotto madaxtooyada.

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, park wuxuu u qaybsan yahay Sare iyo firdows Hoose. Park Hoose waxa uu ku yaalaa meel ka mid ah 102.5 hektar, oo waxay cunto siiya dhuumaha 22-ka kilomitir biyaha. Upper Park degan meel ka yar, laakiin aan liidan Park Hoose ee raaxada iyo kelinimada iyo ilo, iyo taalooyinka ay.

Soojiidashada Upper Park

soo jiidashada ugu weyn, taas oo caan ku Peterhof, Upper Park, waa dhabanada gabi ahaanba kaamil ah. Ilo waxaa sidoo kale ku yaal symmetrically ee xarunta waa "Neptune", "Oak" iyo "Mezheumny", labada jiidaan inta kale ee isha hore ee baal ka dhisan ee madaxtooyada. "Neptune" (il) - a xukuma ee beerta, qurxiyey badan oo farshaxan Dr Makumbe gaar ah.

jiidashada kale oo Park Sare - afar farshaxan marmar by Talyaani Dzhovanni Bonatstsa oo halkan lagu rakibay ee 1757. Tani "Pomona", "Zephyr", "Flora" iyo "Vertumnus". Beer kale oo top sharraxay ubax waddo dheer oo doog ah, oo keensataa midab guduudan ee xilli dayrta.

Isha "Neptune"

Sida qaabka ugu weyn ee Park Sare, oo ishuna waxay u muuqataa runtii raaxo iyo si ka daran sida dadka kale. "Neptune" - il, qurxiyey group oo saddex nooc ah farshaxan iyo Dhuur waxaa ku xusan by sayidkaygiiyow badda, haysta oo gacanta ugu jira weerar beddelin. Tan iyo markii ay afar dhinac ee gabayga waa Halabuurka this diyaarin leh waji xayawaan badda kaas oo diyaaradaha biyo ku dhuftay.

Labada dhinac ee salka la Neptune la seebab in gacmaha nymphs webiga fadhiya. The haysa isla qurxiyey shacaab badan, reliefs iyo qaybaha kale hogaanka, iyo sidoo kale tirooyinka naxaas ah gabar iyo wiil. Neptune weli ku dhawaad fuula in Hippocampus (baalal leh oo badda fardo), taas oo u muuqdaan in ay ilaaliyaan ilaaha-awaalka iyo weli ku boorinayaa on hoonbarrooyinka. Waxaa jira hoonbarrooyinka ku jira xeedhada isha - siddeed tirooyinka symmetrically diyaarin.

Oo xagga koonfureedna Isha "Neptune" waa heerka yar, saddexda calaacalaha oo qulqulka biyaha, iyo in ka badan taas oo ay jirto taallo Apollona Belvederskogo, naxaas laga sameeyey (isticmaalo in ay meel jiray taalada ah "Winter" ka lead). Iyo "Apollo" iyo "Neptune" halkan muuqday aan mar, laakiin kaliya ee 1736. Markii hore, qalbiga berkeddii weysada ahayd "Cart Neptunian", ee hogaanka u dhigay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii duqoobay a, ayaa waxaa bedelay halabuurka ah sculptural "Neptune" (abuuray qarnigii XVII ee Nuremberg). Sidaas daraaddeed in muddada hore ee farshaxan ee ka dhacay Germany.

Taariikhda "Neptune"

Abuurista koox il gaar ah ku jiray talinaysay ee Empire Jarmal ah, markii dalka la qotomiyey boqolaal taxadiri qurux badan. Nuremberg ayaa sidoo kale abuuraa wax u gaar ah in ay qurxiyaan suuqa magaalooyinka. Isha go'aansaday inay ku beeganto ah Peace of Westphalia, joojiyo in dagaalkii saddex iyo toban sannadood '- dhacdada ugu muhiimsan taariikhda Jarmal. Marka tan la eego, on abuurista shaqo farshaxan oo ka mid ah kuwa sancada fiican ee boqortooyadiisa ka. Nymphs dhow Neptune bixitaankii at in waqti webiga magacaabin, oo la taaban karo - Pegnitz iyo Regnitz. On haysa weli waa Astaantooda joogo ee Nuremberg, hall magaalada iyo Chancellor ah. Just ka kooban a sculptural ka mid ahaa 27 tirooyinka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka shaqada ka leexatay in webiga Nuremberg Pegnitz iyo Regnitz ma aha biyo ku filan hawlaha sida halabuurka ah isha taariikhi. Markaas waa in guuriso iyo guurto jeer wax-u fiican. Sidaas darteed, sano oo kaliya 130 farshaxan haan - Maamulka magaalada ay go'aansatay in ay dhammaystiraan at its kharashka, miisaaniyadda iyo soo jeediyay in waqtiga kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga Ruush, Paul eryay si Nuremberg intii uu socdaalka ku Western Europe, si ay u iibsadaan "Neptune." Paul, oo raba in ay muujiyaan qaninimo ah Empire Ruush ah, oo aan libiqsanayn, ku heshiiyeen in ay u dhaqaaqo this by iibsato koox sculptural 30 000 rubles - wakhtigaas lacag aad u badan.

Isha "Mezheumny"

Oo iridda u "Peterhof" (Upper Park), oo koonfur ka ah "Neptune" waa balli dabaasha wareegsan, qurxiyey farshaxan naxaas masduulaagii iyo afar hoonbarrooyinka. Laga soo baxaya masduulaagii afkiisii ku dheereeyaa jiido diyaarad biyo, hoonbarrooyinka iyo biyo sayrin. iyo maddiibad Tani waxay markii hore u horseedi "Andromeda", ka dibna ay meel dhowr sano aan booqday mid ka mid farshaxan, iyo natiijada ahayd set oo ah tirada naxaas ah masduulaa oo baalal leh. In xidhiidh la leh Halabuurka this waxaa lagu magacaabaa "jeebka" Mezheumny "(ama" indefinite ").

Laakiin sheekada ka kooban of impermanence sii. Dragon waa beddelmay in delfinopodobnuyu farshaxan "sterlet", iyo ugu danbeyn - in baaquli kabka-birta ah. masduulaagii ayaa ku soo laabtay 1958, laakiin waxa uu ahaa gabi ahaanba cusub in ay meel. Oo masduulaagii iyo hoonbarrooyinka ah ayaa mar kale ka badbaaday sawiro dhowr tuuray.

"Oak" Isha

Isha "Oak" ee Peterhof waxa uu ku yaalaa dhexe ee kale, sidoo kale pool wareeg ah. Isagu waa xiddig lix geesle ah, at darafyadiisa oo ka mid ah kuwaas oo hoonbarrooyinka, iyo in xarunta - ". Boy la maaskaro" marmar farshaxan ku sharraxnaan jirtay Markii hore, waxa ay sidoo kale eegay oo kala duwan. In 1734, waxaa jiray hogaanka, "Oak", hareereysan lix hoonbarrooyinka iyo saddex dawacooyinka, laakiin waxaa laga saaray ka dib markii 12 sano. In 1802, this song aasaasay Park Hoose.

Weli ka dambeeya isha asal helay magaca "Oak", inkasta oo maya "Oak" ee ka kooban ma jirin. Waayo, halka a ee xarunta of isha la xardhay alwaax "Cornucopia", laakiin waxa yaraaday, oo waxaa ugu danbeyn bedelay a "wiilka la maaskaro."

farshaxan kale

"Peterhof" (Upper Park) sidoo kale waxay caan ku tahay balliyada ay ugu da'da weyn - balli square qoday 1719 si ay u bixiyaan biyaha ee Park Hoose. In 1773, ee xarunta of berkadood, kuwaas oo ku adkeeyey kooxaha sculptural hareereysan hoonbarrooyinka ee sunta rasaasta. Laakiin sannado badan ka dib, waxay ka yaraaday oo la bedelay ka dayuuradaha toosan caadiga ah aan qabyo ahayn. Kaliya ee 1956 balli square soo laaban muuqaalka hore.

In park Sare waxa kale oo aad arki kartaa farshaxan ah Peterhof sida il Venus Talyaani, oo waa farshaxan a hareereysan lix hoonbarrooyinka. In asalka Isha waa Church la arki karo ee St. Peter iyo St. Paul, taas oo ah qayb ka mid ah Palace Peterhof ah.

park caan

Oo kanu waa uun wixii yar oo ay jirto in la ogaado oo ku saabsan Peterhof iyo ilo ay qaali ah, iyo farshaxan. Dabcan, in looga adkaan park this qiimihiisu booqanaya - la kulmi doonaan mid la mid ah sida runta ah xusuus. Sidoo kale laguu ogolaado in aad ku raaxaysan xaqiiqda ah Peterhof waa caan, sawir, kaas oo haddii aan si buuxda, laakiin weli waxaan gaadhsiin quruxda park dunida caanka ah.