PCI-E Afyare x16: Tilmaamo iyo dib u eegis. PCI-E kaarka muuqaallo kale x16

Ku dhowaad dhammaan motherboards casriga hadda qalabaysan PCI-E x16 Afyare ballaarinta ah. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, waayo, taasu waxay dejisay ah xawaaraha naqshadeynta Discrete aan la'aanteed abuurka ah ee computer shakhsi wax soo saar macquul aheyn. Waxay ku saabsan tahay inuu safto prehistory, tilmaan farsameed iyo hababka suurto galka ah ee howlgalka u sii doonaa.

Background naadi ballaarinta muuqaalka

In 2000 hore, iyadoo Afyare ballaarinta AGP, kaas oo wakhtigaas waxaa loo isticmaalay si loo soo dajiyo kaararka garaafyada Discrete, waxaa jira xaalad ah marka heerka waxqabadka ugu badnaan la gaaro oo ay awood kuma filna. Sidaas darteed, haddana koox PCI-SIG waxaa la abuuray, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay yeeshaan qaybaha software iyo hardware ah naadi mustaqbalka kaarka muuqaallo kale. Oo midhaha ee uu shaqada oo noqday sannadkii 2002 faahfaahinta ugu horeysay ee PCI Express 1.0 16x.

Shirkadaha qaar ka mid ah si loo hubiyo in waafaqid laba jira barta in wakhtiga dekedaha naqshadeynta Discrete adabtarada rakibo ayaa soo saartay qalab gaar ah oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad u dhigay xal naqshadeynta dhacsan ee booska a ballaarinta cusub. In luqadda xirfadlayaasha horumarka sida lahaa magaceeda u gaar ah - adabtarada PCI-E x16 / AGP. Ujeeddada ugu weyn - waa in la yareeyo kharashka casriyeeyo PC ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaybaha la qaabeynta hore ee unit nidaamka. Laakiin dhaqanka this ma helin aqbalo ballaaran sabab ah in heerka galo kaarka video si interface cusub lahaa kharashka a ku dhowaad siman yihiin in ay qiimaha adabtarada ah.

Barbaro ah in ay this, ayaa la abuuray iyo in ka badan wax ka beddelid fudud boosaska ballaarinta ee ilaaliyaal dibadda, kuwaas oo bedelay caadiga ah ee in dekedaha PCI waqti. Inkastoo ay isku mid muuqata ee qalabka kala duwan. Haddii AGP iyo PCI ku faani karo ee suuqa kala iibsiga ah isku midka ah ee macluumaadka, halkan waxa uu ahaa interface a serial PCI Express. xawaaraha sare ee ay bixisaa si wayn kor ugu xawaaraha of gudbinta xogta hab dabaq buuxa (kiiskan macluumaadka la kala qaado ayaa laga yaabaa inuu laba jiho).

gudbinta Speed iyo habka encryption

Doorshadan, ee PCI-E interface x16 Tirada waxay muujinaysaa tirada guutooyin ka hawlgala for gudbinta xogta. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira 16 Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah, oo iyana, wuxuu ka kooban yahay 2 lammaane oo silig ka dhigeen in ay u gudbiyaan macluumaad. Sida ku xusan, xawaaraha sare la siiyo by xaqiiqada ah in labo-labo, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeya hab dabaq ka buuxa. In uu yahay, isu gudbinta macluumaadka ee laba jiho tegi karo.

Si looga hortago khasaaraha ama musuqmaasuq xogta lagu kala qaado isticmaalo in interface tani waa macluumaadka nidaamka ilaalinta ah, oo la yidhaahdo 8B / 10B. sal Tan waxaa lagu fasiraa sida soo socota: waayo, gudbinta habboon oo sax ah 8 gelinno xogta loo baahan yahay si ay u kaabaan rasmi ah ay 2 gelinno inay qabtaan ansixinta. Xaaladdan oo kale habka uu leeyahay si ay u gudbiyaan 20 boqolkiiba macluumaadka rasmiga ah in user computer ma qaadi payload ah. Laakiin lacagtaas hawlgalka lagu kalsoonaan karo oo xasiloon jimaynta muuqaallo kale ee computer shakhsi, iyo waxa aan dhab ahaan ma aan samayn karo.

Version PCI-E

PCI-E Afyare x16 u muuqataa isku on dhan motherboards. halkan oo keliya heerka gudbinta xogta kiis kasta oo kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa huba. Sidaas darteed, waxqabadka qalabka sidoo kale waa ka duwan yahay. beddelid A of this ee gui waa:

• PCI beddelid 1st - Express x16 v. 1.0 lahaa bandwidth teori 8 GB / s.
• 2-Generation PCI - Express x16 v. 2.0 laga yaabaa in aan hore u faanin labanlaabay qiimaha bandwidth ah - 16 GB / s.
• Baaxaa A la mid ah ayaa hore u sii version saddexaad ee interface ka. Xaaladdan oo kale, heerka waxaa go'an at 64 GB / s.

Arag kala duwanaayeen heshiis ee xiriirada ka naadi, kuwaas oo aanay suurtagal ahayn. Oo saasna waxay u yihiin socon kasta oo kale. Tusaale ahaan, haddii version Afyare 3.0 ah in la dhiso a kaarka muuqaallo kale lacag ku habboon ee lakabka faahfaahinta la taaban karo 2.0, nidaamka oo dhan processing muuqaallo kale si toos ah u baddashaan hab-xawaaraha sare ee ka yar (tusaale ahaan, 2.0), oo waxay yeelan doonaan mustaqbalka in ay ku shaqeeyaan oo qaadi kara 64 GB / s.

Jiilkii ugu horeeyay ee PCI Express

Sidii hore loo xusay, ee PCI Express ugu horeysay la soo bandhigay sannadkii 2002. Uu kulan calaamadeeyay dhalashada kombiyuutarada shaqsi ah la kaararka garaafyada badan, kaas oo sidoo kale ay awoodaan in ay ku faanaan xawaaraha sare xataa mid xawaaraha set. Heerka AGP 8X awood bandwidth faa'iido of 2.1 GB / s, iyo hubinta koowaad ee PCI Express - 8 GB / s.

Dabcan, hadalka ku saabsan koritaanka eightfold muhiim ma aha. 20 boqolkiiba kororka la isticmaalo gudbinta macluumaadka adeegga kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u hesho qalad.

Bedelida Second PCI-E

Si aad u bedeli jiilka koowaad ee interface user garaafyada sanadkii 2007 yimid PCI-E 2. 0 x16. kaarka Video jiilka 2aad, sida horay u xusay, jidh ahaan iyo software la jaan-habeynta koowaad ee interface this. Kaliya kiiskan si weyn u dhimay waxqabadka nidaamka naqshadeynta in PCI Express 1.0 version 16x heerka of interface ka.

Fikrad ahaan xaddido kala iibsiga warbixin ay dhacdo in this wuxuu u dhigmaa 16 GB / s. Laakiin boqolkiiba 20 ka mid ah faa'iidada ay keentay ayaa la qaatay on dusha. Sidaas darteed, in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee isu gudbinta dhabta ah u dhigmaa: 8 GB / s - (8 GB / s x 20%, 100%) = 6.4 Gbit / s. dil A labaad ee gui waa qiimaha waxa uu ahaa sida soo socota: 16 GB / s - (16 GB / s x 20%, 100%) = 12.8 GB / s. Qaybinaya 12.8 GB / s in 6.4 GB / s, waxaan u hesho kororka dhabta ah la taaban karo xawaaraha of 2 laab dhexeeya 1aad iyo dil 2aad PCI Express.

qarnigooda saddexaad

Ee la soo dhaafay iyo update ugu dembeeyey ee interface this waxaa la daabacay 2010. Ugu sarreysa PCI-E xawaaraha x16 kiiskan u korodho ilaa 64 GB / s, iyo awoodda ugu badan ee adabtarada ah muuqaallo kale oo aan awood dheeraad ah haddii ay taasi waxaa laga yaabaa in loo siman yahay 75 watts.

Options gaadmada ah dhowr Sheelare graphic oo qayb ka ah PC a. faa'iidada iyo khasaaraha ay

Mid ka mid ah tabo cusub ugu muhiimsan ee interface this waa wax macquul ah ee haysta adapters muuqaallo kala duwan ee PCI taayirrada-E x16. kaarka Video weheliso midba midka kale si ay u si xooga u sameeyaan hal qalab ah. Ay wadarta awoodda lagu daray, oo waxay u saamaxdaa dhowr jeer si ay u kordhiyaan xawaaraha PC leh booska uu ka nidaaminta image bandhigay. Waayo, xal ka NVidia hab tani waxaa la yiraahdaa Slainte, laakiin GPUs ka AMD - weydaarsanayeen.

Mustaqbalka Heerka this

PCI-E Slot x16 in mustaqbalka dhow, sida xaqiiqada ah ma beddeli doono. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa isticmaalka video ku ool ah oo qayb ka ah kumbiyuutarada huriye, Kuna fuliyaan casriyayn ah hay'daha nidaamka kombiyuutarka. Haddaba shaqeeyay baxay sooca ah ee version 4aad ee habka gudbinta xogta. Waayo, adapters muuqaallo kale ay dhacdo in this waxaa la siin doonaa ugu badnaan bandwidth of 128 GB / s. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in uu soo bandhigo image ah shaashadda sida "4K" iyo qaar kaloo badan.

natiijooyinka

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, iyo PCI-E x16 waayo, haatan ma laha naqshadeynta booska kale iyo interface. Oo wuxuu ahaan doonaa khuseeya muddo dheer. fursadaha ay u oggolaadaan in aad sameysato nidaamka labada heer-galo computer iyo kumbiyuutarada-dhamaadka sare leh Sheelare badan. Waxaa sabab u ah dabacsanaan iyo lama filayo isbedel baaxad leh ee Misbaax this.