Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk. Museum-Reserve Lermontov in Pyatigorsk

Taalladaas ugu horeeyay ee Mihailu Lermontovu la aasaasay Pyatigorsk, oo u dhow barta halkaas oo uu ku dhintay. sidaas jidhka by waqtiga dheer ka hor ayaa la reburied ka Pyatigorsk, laakiin magaalada, halkaas oo uu bilood ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa ku qaatay, ku dhashay ee uu gabayo la soo dhaafay, ma mid aan waxtar lahayn ku guuleystay taallo ugu horeysay Lermontov ee Russia.

"Waxaan ku faraxsan yahay in aad la, dhagaxyada buuraha"

Lermontov selflessly jecel yahay buuraha, jeclaaday Caucasus. Ever tan sano kuwa marka ayeeyday Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva uu aad u yar yar ayaa sidoo kale keeno biyo kulul, sida hal mar loo yaqaan Pyatigorsk. Khadadka Qaar badan oo ka shuqulladiisa waa la xarrimay in ay Caucasus, quruxda dabeecada. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu yahay sababta jacaylka loo arko noo by sida naxdin leh. Halkan Lermontov ayaanka yimid ka dib markii uu maxaabiis ahaan ugu horeysay ee Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Ciidankii of gabay caasiyoobay "On geerida Abwaan," ka dibna ay halkan u yimid xagaagii oo dhan ay ku nastaan. Iyo sababta uu u ma soo celin.

In guriga Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, taas oo uu ka Ivanovicha Major Vasiliya ku Chilaeva qaaday, weli taagan maanta. Hadda waxaa in museum gabayaa ee. Taalladaas A, kaas oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee, Lermontov derdertay dhagax, dhigay in square magaalada, waxaa ka dhistay oo gaar ah ka hor furitaanka. isaga Behind - cagta ee Mount Mashuk, halkaas July 27, 1841 in xafiiltanka ka dhamaaday nolosha Abwaan. Indhihiisu waa on top of Elbrus, danbow haybad Abwaan sidaas jecel yahay Mountains Caucasus. Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, kaas oo qaada sawir la dalxiis kasta oo magaalada booqday - calaamad u ah jacayl aan tooda gabayaa maskaxda iftiimiyey waqtiga.

By guuradii soddonaad dhimashada gabayaa ee

Story xafiiltanka Lermontov iyo magaca uu dilaaga ogahay dhow wax walba in Russia oo casri ah. Tani waxaa loo sheegay dugsiga fasalka hadalka hooyo, waxa ku qoran buugaagta. Oo magacyada kuwa bilaabay rakibo of taallo ugu horeysay kii abuuray in, loo yaqaan qorayaasha inta badan xirfadeed.

dadka aan aad u badan ayaa bilaabey geeddi-socodka lagu rakibo, magacyadoodii sidii ay ahayd adag tahay in la xasuusto. In 1870, Abwaan Peter Kuzmich Martianov ku soo daabacay wargeyska "World Work" khadadka soo socda: "St. Petersburg iyo Kronstadt saaray taxadiri Kruzenshtern iyo Bellingsgauzenu, Kiev - Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu iyo Tiri Bobrinsky, Smolensk - Glinka, sababta Pyatigorsk, kumanyaal ay of visitors biyaha, ma qaadan hindisaha dhismaha taallo ee M. Lermontovu Yu.? "kiraystaha ugu weyn ee waqtiga oo ka mid ah Caucasian Macdanta Waters Andrew Matveyevich Bajkov si adag u taageeray fikradda ah Martyanova. Fikrada ah kooxda waxaa ku qoran magac kale - Aleksandr Andreevich Vitman, dhakhtar iyo maxkamadda taliye Pyatigorsk. Baaskiilada iyo Whitman ayaa codsaday gargaar oo ka mid ah Baron A. P. Nikolai, kuwaas oo ahaa at Chief markii taliyaha Caucasian in - Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov. Sidaas sannad ka dib, iyada oo gacmaha badan, hindisaha in la dhiso taallo in Lermontov in Pyatigorsk helay Tsar Alexander II. Idankiisa ugu badan in ay dhacdo helay July 23, 1871, ku dhawaad maalin guuradii soddonaad dhimashada gabayaa ee.

Kun rubles dinaar

Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, boqorka ayaa sidoo kale ku qoran, ka dibna, waxa hab loo taagay doonaa taallo. Waa wargeliso "... furitaanka baahsan ee Macmiil Empire si ay u ururiyaan deeqaha si Taalladaas." Waxaa la isla markiiba dhigay guddi si kor loogu qaado lacagta, iyo Wasaaradda Maaliyadda bilaabay diiwaangelinta ee deeqaha.

wajigeeda hore waxaa ka laba yaroow la garaneyn oo helay gobolka Taurian. Wuxuu jiray laba rubles. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan waxay bilaabeen inay deeqaha ka meel kasta helaan. xaddi gaar ah ku jira sheekada. Tusaale ahaan, jeeg for kun rubles - lacag badan sannadihii kuwa - diray labaad Prince Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov hore Lermontov ee xafiiltanka in Faynuus. Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky bixisay in lacagta mid dinaar ka rasmiga ah ee qaar ka mid ah Mishchenko ahaa sidaas careysan in xitaa ku tilmaamay dhacdadan sida digniin ah in ay jiilalka mustaqbalka. Iyo xaqiiqda ah in ridayeen caadiga Ivan Andreichev daray qaaraan si Ruble ah, waxay sidoo kale ku tilmaamay.

In sano oo kaliya 18, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo heshay lacag taallo in ay Lermontov in Pyatigorsk la ururiyey 53 kun 398 rubles oo 46 kopecks.

Tartanka mashruuca ugu wanaagsan

By 1881 lacagta soo ururiyey waa ku filan si aad u sii wado mashruuca ee taallo mustaqbalka. Guddiga rakibidda waxaa u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato magaalada Pyatigorsk meel ka mid ah deganaanshaha joogtada ah ee taallo, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah guddiga la soo jeediyey in la dhigay mid ka mid ah laba taaj, xiganaya xaqiiqada ah in "Lermontov iska leh oo dhan Russia", oo meeshii ay bixiya in la furo madxaf ah Lermontov in Pyatigorsk.

Wadar ah saddex wareeg oo xulashada mashruuca ugu wanaagsan ee mashearulxaraam. Midkoodna ugu horeysay ama wareeg labaad, oo waxaa lagu soo diray in ka badan 120 jeedinta, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in aan sawir gaar ah, kaas oo ku ansixin lahaa Commission oo dhan. Natiijooyinka wareega saddexaad lagu dhawaaqay October 30, 1883kii. Waxaa soo diray mashaariic ay 15 tartamaya, ka mid ah taas oo tirada 14 oo waxaa ku qoran sawir of taallo mustaqbalka. Wuxuu galay caanka ah ee waqtiga sculptor ku Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Opekushina, abuuray saddex sano ka hor taallo in Alexander Pushkin, kuwaas oo la aasaasay on Tverskoy Boulevard ee Moscow. Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, kuwaas oo balan qaaday inay qarka u saaran Opekushin, waa isugu darey fudud oo ka kooban faahfaahin yar oo kaliya dhowr ah, laakiin ee ujeeddo qoraaga ahayd in uu soo bandhigo nolosha gaaban laakiin midabo Abwaan. Iyo fikradda ah xubnaha guddiga la ansixiyay.

sawirka A iyo sawir

Qaab daran oo ku filan, laakiin si loo gaaro u eg oo naxaas ah Abwaan oo wejigiisuu u soo baxday in aan si sahlan nolosha. maaskaro dhimasho sabab qaar ka mid ah ayaa laga saaray Lermontov. Under tijaabada ah ee uu u saftay Opekushininu siiyaa is-sawirka Abwaan, u qoran by in watercolor afar sano ka hor geeridiisa, iyo sawir walaalkiis-qalin of Lermontov, Baron D. P. Palena, rinjiyeeyay 1840, taas oo gabayaa la muujinayaa in profile.

shaqo Great sameeyey Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin. Monument Lermontov in Pyatigorsk danbe aqoonsaday ugu sax ah in la eego u eg la Abwaan. Haddaba waxay ahayd ma la yaab leh, sida sculptor ayaa abuuray sawiro badan Lermontov, ka hor inta uu iyaga siiyey inay is barbar dhigaan nool saaxiibo gabayaa, waxaa ku dhex jirtay markii labaad Vasilchikov. Qor sifooyinka wajiga on khubarada soo xulay si toos ah mirashada hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Aleksandra Illarionovicha, ka hor waxaa la ansixiyay nuqulka ugu dambeeya ee mashearulxaraam. Qoraaga kaliya ma siin lahaa taalada u eg sawirka, laakiin sidoo kale in la abuuro shuqullada heer sare ah farshaxanka of art, istaahilo Abwaan.

From Crimea iyo St. Petersburg - Pyatigorsk

Sidaas darteed, qoraaga taallo in ay Lermontov in Pyatigorsk ma aha oo kaliya abuuray taalada aad Abwaan, laakiin sidoo kale soo jeediyay in ka yar iyada sawir taallo. bulukeeti dhagax adag Bright lahaa in la dhigay baxay ee foomka of dhagax taariikhi ah oo ku saabsan taas oo, ka kataaradda, boqorradu iyo qalin ah marka laga reebo, ma jirin ornamentation dheeraad ah. All kooban, laakiin mid kasta oo ka kooban ku lahaa inuu u marag ah macnaha astaan u qoto dheer.

In St. Petersburg, in warshad shubay naxaasta ahayd "A Moran" waxaa lagu tuuray naxaas taalada laftiisa (height of 2 mitir 35 sentimitir) iyo faahfaahinta Qurxinta taallo ah. Markaas farshaxan ah, halka in Pyatigorsk si degdeg ah loo qabanqaabiyaa Square iyo Jaha podium, kor saaray magaalada la daawado dadweynaha.

Waayo, meesha haysa gaar ah ka Crimea ayaa la keenay dhagxaanka dhagax adag iftiin - wadar ahaan sideed xarumood. Meeshu for taallo in ay sculptor qudhiisu dheer doortay ka hor ay rakibaadda. Tani waxay isku oggol yahay link taalada Abwaan iyo aagga ku hareeraysan park. In uu sawir dhiseysa haysa by saanacyadii maxaliga ah. Rakibaadda farshaxan naxaas Abwaan, taas oo Pyatigorsk ugu horraysay by tareenka a, ka dibna on gaariyo, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey Opekushin, ka caawiyay isaga ka sayidkii caasimada keenay. height guud ee taallo, ka dib markii la rakibey ahaa 5 mitir 65 sentimitir.

Ubaxyo iyo khudbado at cagta ee Mashuk

Markii hore, furitaanka taallo la qorsheeyay October 1889. Laakiin Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin soo gaadhi kari waayeen bishii October ee Pyatigorsk, iyo dad badan oo soo booqda Waters joogo lahaa dhacdadan la taaban karo, oo sidaas daraaddeed taariikhda furitaanka taallo ku soo ururtay in Sunday 16 August.

Ka sokow Opekushin si shakhsi ah u aragto sida ay noqon doontaa taallo in Lermontov in Pyatigorsk, xafladda yimid ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnaha guddiga ay rakibaadda, abtirsan degaanka, madaxda u ahaa Office of Water, saraakiisha magaalada, dadka degan xaafadaha iyo martida loo dalxiis tago. Waxaa la akhriyey warbixin ku saabsan ururinta iyo kharashka lacagtii, ka dib markii taas taallo iyo saaray baraf-cad oo ah, sida sare ee Elbrus, ilxidhka.

Tidcan, ubaxa, lacag, biraha jiifay at cagaha Abwaan. Waxaa jiray khudbado weyn leh oo ku saabsan muhiimadda ay leedahay dhaxal ahaan ugu hal abuur Abwaan dadka Ruush, March "Lermontov", ku duugay VI Saa'uul, maansadu "Ka hor taallo in ay M. Yu. Lermontova", akhri qoraaga Kostoy Hetagurovym. Waxaa la ciyaaray cad yar "At taallo in ay Lermontov", uu qoray Mr. Schmidt.

Kalidaa iyo Andrei Matveevich Baykova ma ka mid ah kuwa haatan jooga ahaa. Wakhtigan uu si xun u xanuunsan, wuxuu ahaa ku meel dalxiis ugu Merano, in Austria, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay hal bil ah ka dib markii furitaanka mashearulxaraam.

The ugu horeysay oo maanta ugu fiican

Lermontov naxaasta ahayd, kaas oo laga soo ururiyey lacag adduunka oo dhan, ma ahan oo keliya noqday taallo ugu horeysay ka taagay in Abwaan, laakiin sidoo kale ugu wanaagsan oo dhan maanta jira. Waxaa loo arkaa by taariikhyahan tahay, taariikhyahanadu, qorayaasha ayaa waxaa ka muujiyay muddo dheer. Intee in leeg ayaa la dhisay ka dib markii taxadiri cusub, laakiin waxa ay isku weli: taallo ugu wanaagsan ee Lermontov - Pyatigorsk. waxay sawirtaa, oo ay la socdaan images of waxa lagu rakibay on Tverskaya Pushkin, - ku dhowaad dhammaan buugaag laga qori. At cagaha Abwaan bogga hore ee haysa ee la laba fariimihii; sare ee "M. Lermontov ", wax yar ka hooseeya -" 16 August 1889 ".

Naxaas wejigiisii oo ah sidii Lermontov gudbiya khadadka gabay, taas oo ku saabsan shubo on warqad, sidaas darteed waxa ay u muuqataa hadal ah loo waxyooday. Laakiin qalinka waa laguma-xadgudbaan, buugga gacanta ee Abwaan dhacay, Oo indhihiisuna waa Buur Elbrus baraf-ku qariyeen. Behind dhabarka - Mashuk. Xitaa waxyaabaha qaado macnaha sare: dambeeya ee la soo dhaafay ka hor - daa'in ah. Sayidka bixitaankii Abwaan Ruush weyn Lermontov in Pyatigorsk. Photo of taallo ku saabsan asalka ah ee Mountain faragelintii for images dalxiisayaal badan oo ka mid ah danbow qurux badan oo ah Mountains Caucasus.

Golaha yar saqafka a thatched

In May 1841, isagoo doonaya inuu ku qaataan dhowr bilood in Pyatigorsk aad jeceshahay, Lermontov in Caucasus u yimid. Waxaan ku turunturoodeen on guri fudud, laakiin cadaalad ah si fiican loo dayactiro, daboolay oo cawsduur, on muxaadaradii dariiqyada, oo ku taalla daafaha magaalada. Milkiilaha guriga, a Major-Platz VI Chilaev fariistay suurtagashay in ay yimaadaan si ay heshiis rasmi ah ka 100 rubles lacag ah - arrin lacag badan, laakiin waxaa la ogol yahay in ay guri kiro xagaaga. In guri nagaadi sida uu hal mar "degeen" uu Pechorin ah, oo gurigan isla Hooyga ugu danbeysay ee uu dumo Abwaan.

Ka dib markii xafiiltanka dilaa ah, muddo dheer ka hor dhismaha noqon doonaa guri-museum ee Lermontov in Pyatigorsk daryeelo yar guriga ku saabsan. Milkiilayaasha inta badan ka bedelay, midkoodna raacay inuu heshiis, qaab-dhismeedka si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa bilaabay inuu hoos u dhaco. wax Midkii kowaad wuxuu u sameeyey dadka deegaanka, markii ay halista ah ee ay burburtay ayaa noqday arrin iska cad - macmalay oo ku lifaaqan bulukeeti marmar xusuus derbiga, oo lulataa ilaa maantadan la joogo. Waxaa dhawr erayada: "maalayso, yidhi Abwaan zhil kotorom M. Yu Lermontov". Kaliya ee 1922, waxbarashada dadweynaha waaxda Pyatigorsk soo saaray xaq u lahaanshaha guriga. Sanadkan gudihiisa, waxa ay keeni kartaa in nooca habboon ee matxafka.

Maanta waa ku dhawaad kaliya ka harsan tahay tiir ka dhawrsan ee la xidhiidha Lermontov. Halkan, ma aha oo kaliya guriga, laakiin dhammaan guryaha ku dhex yaal xaafadda waa jidkii ahaayeen in 1841 - kiis gaar ah.

From Pyatigorsk in crypt ah qabuuraha qoyska ee Tarkhany

Halkan, oo guriga ka yar saqafka ka thatched, oo waxay keeneen on roobaadka a Tuesday, July 27, jidhka Noolayn Abwaan ka dib markii xafiiltanka ka, sidaa darteed waxaa la fuliyay in dambaysta ah, sida ay rumaysan yihiin habka ay u qubuuraha Pyatigorsk.

Soo bixiyey ayeeyo Mihaila Lermontova, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva, sideed bilood dhimashada uu awow ka dib markii uu soo iibsanayo xaq u leedahay in reburial ee Abwaan iyo jidhka gaadiid gobol Tarkhany Penza ee guryaha qoyska, halkaas oo wareegga qoyska waxay mar hore ku hooyadiis iyo awoowe dhigay. Laakiin museum Lermontov in Pyatigorsk daray alaabtaada Abwaan, kuwaas oo saddex jeer ka guureen walaasha of Yurevich Mikhail ku deeqay - Eugene Akimovna Shang Giray.

reburial ayaa ka dhacay on May 5, 1842.. Maalintii ugu horraysay oo xabaashii of Lermontov qabuuraha Pyatigorsk la rakibay huurada a xusuus, taas oo, sida taallo oo guriga ka yar saqafka ka thatched, waxaa iman doona taageerayaasha badan ee uu shaqada.

meesha ugu jecel of Lermontov in Pyatigorsk

Ma aha oo kaliya park magaalada, adag museum iyo qubuuraha waxaa la booqday by dalxiisayaal badan oo Pyatigorsk. Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah meelaha quruxda badan ee buuraha, halkaas oo mar Abwaan jeclaa in uu noqdo meesha wadooyinka hortayada hadda keeni. Waxaa ka mid ah jiidashada ugu weyn - Grotto ee Lermontov in Pyatigorsk on muruqgelin ee Mount Mashuk. Waxaa Abwaan qoray 1837, rinjiyeynta ah - "View of Pyatigorsk", taas oo u muujinaysa kuwo kicisay ah. Waxa uu, on Lermontov ee doonistiisa, waxa ay noqotay meel ay kulamo qarsoodi ah Pechorin iyo Vera.

Ilaa 1831 waxa uu ahaa godka buurta caadiga ah, taas oo bixisa views cajiib ah Pyatigorsk. Markaas Bernardazzi walaalo (Johann iyo Yuusuf, oo kuwii ku dhisayna maxaliga ah) ayaa waxaa beddelay grotto ah, kuraasta lagu rakibay waxaa ku jira, iyo ulihiisa gudban bir ah, waxa uu u muuqday oo kaliya ee todobaatanaadkii ee qarnigii XIX ah. huurada The kabka-birta "Grotto of Lermontov" waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1961. Away magaalada iyo halkan dadka Lermontov fasax ka yihiin dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo hawlaha ka.

"Song u macaan oo aan hooyo ..."

Hanuuniyaa safar badan oo awood u yeelan doonaan in ay soo booqdaan oo Lermontov ee Museum-Reserve ee Pyatigorsk, oo taallo iyo stele u qabuuraha iyo meesha xafiiltanka ka at cagta ee Mount Mashuk. Dad badan oo diyaar u yihiin in ay dhex maraan meelaha Abwaan jecel magaalada, halkaas oo uu inta badan ku socday ku dhawaad. Sidaas at hal mar sameeyey Leo Tolstoy, Sergey Yesenin, Vasily Shukshin, ku dhowaad meesha lagu nasto ee ugu danbeysay ee weyn qoraa, gabayaa iyo abwaan sida uu booqasho shakhsi ah.

Gaar ahaan halkan isugu maalinta xasuusta Abwaan - on 27 July. Qabtay akhrinta suugaanta, ka dhawaajiyaan Aayado Lermontov ee. Oo marar badan - khadadka: "song u macaan oo aan hooyo, waan jeclahay Caucasus!"