Maxay ahayd Russia ee bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah? Oo kooban "Notes of Hunter a" ee

Waxaan bilaabayaa aan sheeko ku saabsan sayid u fiican oo erayga, ka dhalatay dalka Ruushka, iyadoo mid ka mid ah dhacdo caan ah. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa, uu isaga qudhiisu si qurux iyo mahadnaq xusuustay ka badan hal jeer. By Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu saldhigga tareen yar waxaa soo dhawaaday laba farsamo dhalinyaro ah oo xaq ah oo ku saabsan, waa run ay wajahayaan qoraaga "Notes of Hunter ah". Maqalka jawaab ku raaca, labadooduba way caabudeen isaga in dhexda, isagoo sheegay in waxa uu ahaa - qaansada dadka Ruush (dhexda - dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII inaad ogaato warbixin kooban oo ku "Notes of Hunter ah" waxaa calaamad u dhadhan wanaagsan). i, akhristayaasha qaaliga rumeeya, in aanay ahayn fal sal dadka dhalinyarada ah. Waxa uu ahaa bandhig qoto dheer kaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed ee qoraaga in la baabiiyo of serfdom.

Ha noo noqon inuu sifo buugga. Bilowgii, waxaan la soco: on this qoraal heerka sayidkiisa - gabayada in tiraab - ahaayeen Qoom laba oo kaliya: Gogol iyo Turgenev. Siidaynta kooban oo ah "Notes of Hunter ah" waa in ay bilaabaan la story gabay iyo khiyaano Turgenev ee "Polecat iyo Kalinych". Its fikradda wayn - in saaxiibtinimo dhexeeya rag & dumar ah oo laba qof -, sayidkaygiiyow iyo Serf, suurto gal ah, laga yaabee, oo kaliya in Russia. Xasillooni, qiyaasay macquulka polecat mulkiilaha dhis dhammaystirayaa Kalinych dareen.

furmi ee Turgenev, wada fiiriyey ah "quusiyay ..." song - jacayl la gurigiisa milkiilaha yar iftiimiyey gobolka Oryol ah. Anigoo ku hadlaya magaca qofka socotada ah by chernozems hooyo iyo expounds Turgenev "Notes of Hunter ah". content sheekada wajiyo badan: ugaadhsadaha duulduul wiilasha kan fardo waxaa looga keeni habeenkii ( "Bezhin oo berrin bannaan"), ka dibna derejeeyo sheegayaa bixin maskaxda song Qoom ( "Fannaaniinta"), ka dibna wadaagaan qarsoon - qofka iftiimiyey la odhan karaa waa dalkiisii qalbi hooyo ku saabsan Ilaah warwareega Kasyanov seefo Beautiful.

Turgenev abuuray sidaas tahay-kaamil ah, iyo qurux, images dhabta ah yaroow, bourgeoisie yar yar, lahaanshada, in dhaco jacayl iyaga la akhristaha digtoon, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, "Notes of Hunter ah" waa buug run iyo lyrical ku saabsan dadka Ruush qarnigii XIX bartamihii. Landlordism markaas ahaa foomka ugu weyn ee beeraha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mulkiilayaasha casriga Ivan Sergeyevich joogay ay heybad ku tabayaan iyo dabeecad waa ka fog isagoo sharaf leh Catherine ( "Raspberry Water"). Dejinta kooban oo ah "Notes of Hunter ah," waxaan dhihi karaa serfdom in qarnigii XIX ah, si buuxda u daallan. Oo ma jirin wax badan in baaxadda, mulkiilayaasha guryaha si ay u maareeyaan addoommadoodii dhaqma geeyn maxkamadda iyo Cadaab.

Serfs, markeeda, wax xuquuq ah lahayn. Waxay si fudud loo yeeli karaa, si ay u sameeyaan faraxsanayn, ma ay ilaa inta ku haboon in la tuuro kara naftooda iyo noloshooda ka mid ah. Ma aha la yaab leh, bulshada ay maroorsamaan, inuu ka soo leexdo dadka addoomadiisa, serfs diiday hawlo badan oo bulshada. nolosha rajo badanaa beertiisa ayaa ka gaabsaday in uu wabaxdaan, been, caajisnimada. Inta badan, lagu hayo qoyska oo dhan waxaa loo dhigay on garbaha haweenka, halka raggu ay ka wada cabbeen. Oo markay nolosha noqdo loo dulqaadan karin, ka qarxay rabshado dhiig leh doqon iyo naxariis lahayn. magaca asalka ah "garaacana!" Qoraagu wuxuu siiyey mid ka mid ah uu shuqulladiisa. Fikradda ah ee khatarta ah oo Rayid ah ayaa rabshado bulshada waa content a sheeko gaaban. "Notes of Hunter ah", sidii wax fikrad soo koobay ka dib story Ta'wiil "Mumu": dadka badan oo carrab la 'ku dhexwareeri Adeeca dhow, waxay sayidaddeedii ku yar.

wareegga story Turgenev ee (dambeyntii lagu daabacay 1852) door caan ah ee xoraynta isku duba riday. Ha noo sharxaan fikirka la soo dhaafay (ka dib oo dhan, waxaan ognahay kooban oo ka mid ah "Fiiro gaar ah Hunter a"). Si qoto dheer lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, shaki la'aan war uu ka Dhawrsada bulshada. Inkastoo Turgenev ma ahaa jeclaan of qaniinyada, luqad adag, canbaareeyay ah dadka dhulka yar maskax, Murtadinta yar yar, weli naxariisdarro, cidhiidhi-maskax, mulkiilayaasha kacday moral Zverkov, Stegunova, Penochkin soo bandhigeen ay ka dhergaan. Waxa uu u isticmaalay hub awood badan - niyad jab, naf-isdaba jog runta. taxane kor ku xusan ka mid ah sheekooyinka, sida laga arday Chronicle, wacdarro dhigay qoto dheer oo ku saabsan wax ka badan hal jeer si ay u akhriyaan Ruushka Emperor Alexander II. Sida aad ogtahay, ayaa dadkii iyagoo mahadnaq yeedhay boqorka this baabiiyo serfdom, Liberator ah.