Maktabadda Qaranka ee Russia (St. Petersburg): Taariikhda, aasaaska, cinwaanka

Maktabadda Qaranka (St. Petersburg) bishii May ee sannadkan u dabaal-guuradii 220aad. Iyada oo ku saleysan amar ee Catherine II bishii la soo dhaafay ee guga -1795, maktabad, iyo hadda waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee dunida.

Pride of Northern Capital - "Publichka" (magaca aan rasmi ahayn) - Xeer Madaxweyne Ruush dhawaaqay dhaxal taariikhda iyo dhaqanka dadyowga of Russia.

magacyo kala duwan

Maktabadda Qaranka (St. Petersburg) tan iyo markii la aasaasay iyo ilaa 1917 la odhan jiray Maktabadda Dadweynaha ee Imperial ee. Inta lagu jiro muddada awoodda Soviet, magaca bedelay dhowr jeer - ilaa 1925 waxaa loo bixiyey maktabadda ugu weyn ee Maktabadda Dadweynaha ee Ruush, 1932 Library ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii Saltykov-Shchedrin, ka dibna, waayo 70 sano, ilaa 1992 oo loo yaqaan Public Library Gobolka. Inta jiritaankeeda, maktabadda ugu da'da weyn ee Russia doonayeen inay lacag helitaanka iyo, ugu muhiimsan, in la hubiyo free iyaga helaan.

Wixii faa'iido u ah waxbarashada

Maktabadda Qaranka (St. Petersburg) hadda waa on kaydka fund waa depository buugga labaad ee Russia. Sida of bilowgii 2012, NLR la awood ah 36.5 milyan oo nuqullo, oo ay ku jiraan 400,000 oo qoraal gacmeedyada, 7000 buugaagta daabacan ka hor 1501, loo yaqaan incunabula. Tan iyo markii la aasaasay ilaa maantadan la joogo, maktabad tani waa cilmi, macluumaad iyo xarunta dhaqanka ee Russia.

Ku dhawaad 30-sano ku qaatay Empress ku iftiimiyey (1766-1795) in la ansixiyo qabyo soo gudbiyo si. In ka badan sannad iyo badh ka hor dhimashadiisa, waa fal this qurux badan oo seefqaad ah line ka yar ah "da'da weyn" oo boqornimadiisa. Dhismaha isla markiiba bilaabay ka dib markii ogolaansho mashruuca iyo sii waday muddo 15 sano ah.

Ta hore waxa weeye inta badan

guryaha Wonderful koray isgoyska of Sadovaya Street iyo Nevsky Prospect, waa wadnaha ee magaalada Muqdisho. dhismaha, ka taagay on mashruuca E. T. Sokolova (Music Masraxa waxa uu ku yaalaa guri nagaadi ah ee uu shaqada) U Library ugu horeysay ee Qaranka. St. Petersburg ku lifaaqan ee caasimadaha ilbaxnimada ee Europe. Faa'iidooyinka la dafiri karin waxaa ka mid ah maktabadda iyo xaqiiqda ah in uu abuuray buugan ugu horeysay ee dalka ku kala soocidda maktabadda for badalkooda iyo habaynta hantida ay.

Iyo cad ee sharciga loo gaarsiiyo khasab in ay si nidaamsan buuxsama lacagaha ee Maktabadda (qadarka of 2 halbeeg) ee wax soo saarka la daabacay daabacan ee Russia ayaa sidoo kale ku leedahay asal ahaan ay ugu horeeyay ee maktabada.

Formation of lacag u gaar ah

waxay furan yihiin waxaa la qorsheeyay 1812, laakiin sababo cad, meel ku qaaday 1814. Maktabadda Qaranka (St. Petersburg), cinwaanka oo loo yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya in muwaadin kasta oo caasimada waqooyiga, laakiin guests badan oo magaalada la yaab leh, ee ku taalla Ostrovsky Square, 1/3, qaabka qaaday sidii galidoonaan taariikheed ee 1900. Waa in la ogaadaa xaqiiqada xiiso leh: in qaabka guud ee bakhaar fund shisheeye ah jiifay walaalo Zalusskih Library, oo ku yaalla Warsaw, oo ahaa mid ka mid ah maktabadaha dadweynaha ugu horeysay ee adduunka.

Waa in la la kaliya seddex ka mid ah maktabadda reer boqor ee Europe, oo ku yaalla London, Paris iyo Munich marka la barbar dhigo karo. In 1794, ka dib markii xakamaynta of kacdoonkii Kosciuszko Suvorov. 400,000 oo muda lagu sheegay in hantida Empire Ruush ah. Pearl of lacag sidoo kale waa maktabad of Voltaire, kaas oo la iibsaday by Catherine II ee 1778 at walaasha Deni Volter iyo dhaxleyad ee fekeraya weyn. Markab gaarka ah, iyada waxaa laga Russia iyo meeleeyay Hermitage ah, iyo amarka reer Alexander II loo wareejiyay Maktabadda Dadweynaha ee Imperial ee.

Xarunta dhaqanka nolosha iyo tabo cusub

Kaliya 30kii sano ee ugu horeysay ee jiritaanka, maktabadda ka soo gaartay akhristayaasha heshay in ka badan 100 000 oo nuqulo ka mid ah buugaagta. Dabcan, waxa lacagta la joogto ah u kordhay sida tirada soo booqda, iyo sannadaha 1832-1835 ayaa la wakiishay dhismaha labaad, Aamino kuwaas oo u tegey beerta Catherine ee. In qeybtii labaad ee aasaaska qarnigii XIX, ay sabab u tahay hadiyado buug fara badan, waxaan bilaabay in la kordhiyo gebiyo - waayo 50s 30 jeer marka la barbar dhigo qeybtii ugu horeysay ee qarnigii XIX ah. By 1917, waxaa jiray tiro aad u badan oo ah qoraallada ee Russia ee maktabadda ee. Maktabadda Dadweynaha ee Qaranka (St. Petersburg) ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee Russia, halkaas oo mudnaanta fasalka ayaa buriyey - waxay bilaabeen inay soo booqdaan naagta. In sano ee 1860-1862 waxaa la dhisay mashruuca guryaha kale VI Sobolevschikova, xiro ee wareega barxadda. All tabo cusub librarianship muuqday halkan.

wakhti cidhiidhi

Laga soo bilaabo 1917 in 1930, hawlaha lacag kaydinta lagu kordhin karaa sabab u ururin gaar ahaaneed ay la uruuriyaa oo ah Macaabidda Yuhuud iyo hay'adaha dawladda, inkasta oo kharash ku hanti-soo-saarka print kordhiyo ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba joogsaday, oo way bogsatay oo kaliya ka dib 1930.

Shaqaalaha Maktabadda waxaa la soo dersay cadaadis, taas oo xataa ka socdey dagaalkii Great Patriotic, taas oo ku Qabanay lacag dhaawac weyn. Laakiin inta lagu guda jiro hareeraynta maktabadda aan ka shaqeeyey oo waxay u adeegeen akhristayaasha.

An baahida degdega ah ee dhismaha cusub

Library State Qaranka (St. Petersburg) 1991 by amar Borisa Eltsina waxaa mar kale loo baxshay. Hadda waxa la yidhaahdaa waa Maktabadda Qaranka Ruush.

Baahnayn in la sheego in dhismaha, kuwaas oo ka soo gudbay da'da 200 sano jir, yaraaday oo noqday halis ah in ay ku kaydiso badan oo ka mid ah xubnihii ugu qiimaha badan. Sidaa darteed, xataa qarnigii XX ah, waxaa jiray su'aal ku saabsan dhismaha dhismaha cusub oo la kulmay oo dhan looga baahan yahay ee casriga. In 1970 go'aanka ah in la dhiso guryo cusub la aqbalay, oo muddo 10 sano ah mashruuca dhismaha cusub ee loo sameeyay, ka dibna tiro la mid ah sano, waxaa la qotomiyey. Waxaa kaliya wajiga koowaad ee dhismaha cusub ayaa la furay 2003 (waxaa ka mid ah dhammaan qolalka akhriska iyo maktabadda, halkii furitaanka waqtiga 10 million buugaag).

Dhismaha cusub ma xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka oo dhan

Dhismaha cusub (hoy maktabadda oo bilaabay in loogu yeedho) u dhaqaaqay Maktabadda Qaranka (St. Petersburg). "Victory Park" - tareenka dhulka hoostiisa ah, oo ku yaalla agagaarka degdeg ah (sida Park Victory ah, ka soo horjeeda) dhismaha 9 dabaq ah xidhmooyinka cusub, oo awood u leh inay meel ilaa 12 milyan oo buugaag. Qolalka Akhriska iyo xafiisyada kale ee ku yaalaan dhismayaasha of height yar. Kaydinta waa xukuma ee mashruuca oo dhan. Under dhismahan waxaa la go'doonsan goob of 4.6 hektar. In dhismaha hore ee maktabada, ku yaal 11 goobood, kor u kaydiya si 22,7 milyan oo buugaag.

Dabcan, waxay ahaayeen taag darnaataa. Laakiin galaya dhismaha cusub oo casri ah maktabadda aysan xalin dhibaatooyinka oo dhan - weli waa qayb ka mid ah lacag ay ku jiraan 9 goobood, mararka qaarkood in dhismayaasha kiro ah in burbur. In 2009, heshiis la saxiixay in la dhiso depository cusub 11-story buugga, kaas oo laga dhisi doonaa ee soo socota si adag ugu jira in Victory Park.

xarunta-abuurnimo

The jidhka cusub oo qurux badan cozily cunugtii Maktabadda Qaranka ee Russia (St. Petersburg). Cinwaanka dhismaha waa: Moscow Avenue, 165, Bldg .. 2. Dhismaha cusub ee Maktabadda Qaranka Ruush ah waa xarunta of mashaariicda hal-abuurnimo, taas oo loo ogol yahay in ay kor u heer cusub adeega. hall ee maktabadda elektarooniga ah, la furay 2006, haayaha electronic, xirmaan 2011 si network ah maktabadaha electronic Vivaldi - Waxaas oo dhan waxay qaadataa heerka ugu sareeya ee caalamiga ah MFN. dhismaha Tani waa xarunta Library Association Ruush ah.