Kurt Haanta iyo diyaaradaha

Kurt Haanta - naqshadeeye diyaarad Jarmal iyo pilot imtixaanka, kaasoo horkacay diyaaradda. Waxa uu horumariyo tiro ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan dunida ka mid ah diyaaradaha oo dhan, sida "Condor" iyo "Maaruut,".

Kurt Haanta: Biography

Wuxuu ku dhashay Kurt Waldemar Haanta February 24, 1898 Bariga Prussia (magaaladii Bromberg-Shvedenhoe). Marka World koowaad, wuxuu si iskood ah dagaalka u baxay. Si dhakhso ah ayuu ahaa Sarreeye ah oo wuxuu ku amray shirkad, kaas oo la diriray on Western Front, halkaas oo waxaa isaga loo dhaawacay. Taangiga dhammeeyey dagaalka sida sirkaal oo lahaa dhowr abaalmarinta geesinimo.

Laga soo bilaabo 1918 in 1922 uu bartay Dugsiga Farsamada Sare ee Berlin, kaas oo uu ka qalin si guul leh isuna qaaska ah injineer korontada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ardayga uu ahaa mid aad u dareen ku saabsan abuurista gliders, sidaas darteed si joogto ah ka qeyb galay muxaadarooyin by Professor Everling ka go'an in ay aerodynamics. Intaa waxaa dheer, Kurt Haanta ay iskood iyo xiisadaha la qaatay in diyaaradaha. Waxay keentay waqtiga, Professor Reisner.

The taangiga dayuurad yar kowaad wuxuu ahaa lagu guulaysan. Si dhakhso ah ayuu loogu talagalay hab cusub oo loo yeedhay; a "Ibliisku yar." Waxa uu ahaa sidaas dareen ku saabsan shaqada, iyo baaba 'maalmo in workshops in xaqiiqsadeen in goor dambe, ma uusan haysan waqti ay ku diyaariyaan oo dhan sawiro si ay u difaacaan ay sha. Markaasaa ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo go'aansaday in ay qaataan tallaabo quus ah: wuxuu dhigayaa on miiska hore ee Professor Hoff Percival iyo sawiro shaqo oo uu "Ibliisku yar" iyo, in uu si layaab leh, uu helo fasalada wanaagsan.

waayo-aragnimo ugu horeysay

Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, Kurt Haanta shaqeeyaa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha duulimaadyada yar. In 1924 wuxuu helay shahaadada injineernimada ah iyo si degdeg ah u dhaco si Warshadda Rohrbach Rohrbach Metallflugzeugbau, oo ku yaalla Berlin. Ka hor inta uusan ku biirin shirkadda, ayuu helo brevet ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu lahayn waayo-aragnimo sida dugsiga duulimaadka uu ahaa oo kaliya barnaamij tababar hore, duuli dhowr jeer at biplane ugu fudud.

Rohrbach at warshadda, wuxuu ka qayb qaadataa horumarinta ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah doonyaha duulaya, laakiin sidoo kale mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha ugu horeysay rakaab "Roland". Laakiin marka hore, waxa ay aheyd kaliya waxbarashada afka baarkiisa ah oo ku saabsan manageability iyo isku halaynta of diyaaradaha. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan dayrta suurtogalnimada kasta, ayuu ku fadhiisan lahaa gaariga iyo saxar awoodda uu u shaqeeyaan seaplane ah.

Waqtiga baaritaanka doon magaalada Garacad ee gobalka III shaaca ka qaaday in marka ay aad u beerto dhufatay biyaha, iyo this abuurtaa duuliye dhib dheeraad ah. Taangiga bixiyeen in ay qalabeeyaan Esplanaden gaar ah ay guushu ku doonni fuulay, iyo fikradda la aqbalay. Waxaa laga yaabaa in this shaqada madax banaan ugu horeeyay, taas oo muujisay in Kurt Haanta sida diyaaradda qaadan kartaa meel.

aqoonsi

Laga soo bilaabo marka uu ka shaqeeya hagaajinta seaplane ka bilaabay, ayaa walaac weyn ee ahaa arrinta xooggiisa. Duulay ku-rô III, waxaa xad si deg deg ah helay aqoonsi sida tijaabo baaritaan. Noqoshada ka badan ayaa khibrad leh, wuxuu ku helay 1936 heerka uu Doctor of Technical Sciences iyo Flugkapitan Xafiiska, iyo guulaystay abaalmarino kala duwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kurt Haanta, Sannadihii kuwaas oo nolosha waxaa dhammaantood waa la siiyey in ay diyaarad, sida runta ah lagu qiimeeyay kaliya by xaqiiqada ah in uu tijaabiyo pilot.

Waa inaan sheegaa in diyaarada rô-III loo yaqaan ku filan, maxaa yeelay waxa la aasaasay diiwaanka badan. diyaarad Sam u duulay badan geesinimo leh. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu sameeyay iyo waxbarashada la xiriira height rakibo oo ah meesha matoorada rafaasad maandooriyayaasha. Caanka ah halka pilot Erns Udet Haanta diyaaradda socday dhigay rikoor kale - in ay ka gudbaan min bari ilaa galbeed oo dhan Atlantic Ocean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan qaadan meel, sababo farsamo lahaa in ay ku riday gaariga saxda ah ee badda furan.

iskaashi

Markii uu soo shaqeeyay naqshadeeye diyaarad kale oo caan ah German Willy Messerschmitt. Sida pilot imtixaan, Haanta ku heshiin waayeen oo leh fikrado, oo uu loogu talagalay fududeynta mashiinka ugu badan si ay u kordhiyaan xawaaraha. Sida la og yahay, Messerschmitt dareemay in xoogga diyaaradaha aan muhiim u yahay sida xirfadda ee tijaabada ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kurt Haanta ma wadaagno arjiyada saaxiibadaada iyo ku kalsoon yahay in heerka sii kordhaya ee xoogga iyo ammaanka diyaaradda xawaaraha waa in la kordhiyo oo kaliya. Sidaa darteed, soddon diyaaradaha Messerschmitt baxo wershedda, xiriirka u dhexeeya labada injineerada tayo mustaqbalka inuu sii joogo diiran oo saaxiibtinimo.

Shaqooyinka "Focke-Wulf"

taangiga 1927 galo shirkad Albatros Flugzeugwerke. Afar sano ka dib, waxaa la nuugo by shirkad kale Focke-Wulf, oo ku yaalla Bremen. Halkan, ka November 1931, isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii sare naqshadeeye waqti isku mid ah Dardaarmi waaxda baaritaanada duulimaadka.

taangiga Kurt iyo Diyaaradaha FW-58 Weihe, FW-Stosser 56 iyo FW-200 Condor ( «Condor") u qalmaan aqoonsi dhab ah oo caalami ah. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah diyaar u ahayd dhamaadka 1933, iyo diyaaradda noqday agaasimaha farsamada ee shirkad weyn.

Horumarinta diyaarad cusub

In 1936, shaqo bilaabay on mashiinka cusub FW-200 "Condor". First, diyaarad la taagan yahay sida hawada dalaka ah transatlantic, sidaas darteed duulimaadka ugu horeysay xagaagii 1937, uu ka soo qaadday awoodda in. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka, Kurt Haanta go'aansadeen in ay u isticmaalaan sida a soo ilaalayn long-range in la raadiyo kolonyo cadowga ee biyaha North Atlantic. Ka dib markii ay diyaarad gaar ah ogaanshaha weeraray gaadiid ama ay iyaga u dirtay Armada ah oo dhan quusta Jarmal.

Sida laga soo xigtay qaar ka mid ah soo galay xogta hubka Luftwaffe, oo dhan la September 1939 waxaa la soo saaray 259 FW-200 "Condor". Qaar ka mid ah baabuurta ka mid ah ayaa xitaa loo isticmaalaa sida diyaaradaha gaadiidka tageen madaxda sare ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan oo ka mid ah, iyo toddoba iyo fursadaha weli wax qarax ah ama sahan long-range. beddelka kala duwan "Condor" kala duwan oo kale oo kasta oo weelal gantaal design ama bambooyin heysata jiritaanka radar ama qariyay ka, iyo ugu muhiimsan - hubka.

Horumarinta ee diyaaradda FW-190

talantigii ka mid ah ninkan laftiisa muujiyey inta lagu guda jiro design ee dagaalka cusub FW-187, ayaa markii ugu horeysay laga saaray hawada ee 1937. Oo sannadda soo socota ahayd diyaarad diyaar iyo taatiko soo ilaalayn FW-189. Shaqo on mashiinka cusub FW-190 bilaabay xaqiiqada ah in shirkadda "Focke-Wulf" dhigay oo ku saabsan abuurista dagaal cusub oo ku saabsan tilmaamaha ka mid ah duulimaadyada Jarmal Reyhsministerstva. In xilliga dayrta 1937, kooxda design ah, oo uu hoggaaminayo taangiyada, waxay bilaabeen in ay diyaariyaan si degdeg ah laba mashruuc oo kala duwan oo keliya warshad koronto.

Diyaaradaha ayaa marka hore ku qalabaysan a 12-dhululubo Daimler-Benz DB 601, ka dhigay in qaab V ah rogay, la qaboojinta dareere ah. In mashiinka labaad rakibay hawada engine radial qaboojiyey BMW-139. Marka diyaarad, kanu wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ku qanciso macaamiisha in ay yihiin inta badan loo isticmaalaa in diyaarad Jarmal ee-line engine ah, markii tani waxay noqon doontaa natiijo la'aan.

Marka tegey noocooda ugu horeysay tusay xawaaraha 595 km / h. Her imtixaanka tijaabada ah Kurt Haanta dhigay dhowr duulimaad imtixaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baaritaanka diyaarad-xawaaraha sare, kuwaas oo, mar kasta oo ay noqonayaan iyo aad u badan u adag, sidaas naqshadeeye diyaaradda lahaa in la siiyo oo dhan hawlgallada mustaqbalka. FW-190B-9 leeyahay xawaare sare ee 730 km / h, oo ahayd sidii ku qalabeysan yahay xawaaraha vodometanolovym, oo waxay isagii u sahlay in ay noqdaan dagaalka ugu dhaqsiyaha badan haleel oo dhan oo ka mid ah diyaaradaha sokeeye.

Hawlaha intii lagu jiray dagaalka

In xilliga dayrta 1942 waxaa la sheegay in ciidamada Mareykanka ay dooneyso in ay soo ururiyaan ee Italy iyo Britain, tiro badan oo diyaaradaha, oo ka kooban tiro badan oo ah qarxiyayaal, waxay ahaayeen dagaalka ka dhanka ah Nazi Germany. Waxay ahayd su'aasha ah, waayo, dagaalka-sare sare baahida deg. Messerschmitt iyo Haanta bixiyey si ay u muujiyaan on fikrad this. In a shuruudaha gaaban record by dhamaadka sanadka ka mid ah, dagaal cusub Ta 152.

Waayo, shaqo this, iyo inuu mudnaanta hore oo dhan Haanta noqday professor a of Technical University of Braunschweig. Intaa waxaa dheer, si gaar ah waxa uu u saxiixay by Germanom Geringom in dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee diyaaradaha cusub ee abuuray horumariyo iyada oo ay hoggaaminayaan shakhsi ahaaneed ee diyaaradaha this tayo leh, hadda waxa loo gudbin doonaa sida "TA" - labada xarfaha hore oo la odhan.

Xataa marka wax walba oo hore u ahaa cad in Reich Saddexaad ayaa laga badiyay dagaalka, taangiga hagar la'aan shaqeeyay. Waxa uu noqday sameeysa koowaad ee helicopter disc-qaabeeya, kaas oo lahaa waqti si ay u tijaabiso ma lahaa. baabuur Tani waxay ahayd inuu u duulo sida diyaarad caadi ah, iyo dhaqaaqo waqti isku mid ah ee jihada kasta iyo, haddii loo baahdo, si ay u dul istaagin hawada.

dagaalka ka dib,

Waxaa hadhay arrin maalmood ka hor burburkii Reich Saddexaad. Taangiga ahaa si fiican u ogaadaan in warshadaha ee duulista Jarmal mar dambe ma jirto. Soon Berlin ayaa lagu qabtay by Ciidamada huwanta oo u qaybsan qaybaha. dembiilayaasha dagaalka bilaabeen inay dhan Germany qabsado, ka dibna waxay la Cadaabo. iyaga ka mid ah ay ahaayeen xubno sida Reichsmarschall Hermann Goering, oo madax ka ah xisbiga Nazi ah, Rudolf Hess, madaxa kooxda ugu weyn "Friedrich Krupp" Gustav Krupp, Reich warshadaha dagaal , Albert Speer iyo Meyer Panzer General SS. Kurt Haanta ayaa sidoo kale aan ku lug lahaa mid ka mid ah dembiyada, sidaasi darteed waxa uu ahaa ma la xiray.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Germany hore ma jiraan, nolosha on tegey oo waxaan lahaa meel aad shaqo raadiso, ma aha oo kaliya inuu nafsaddiisa laakiin sidoo kale shaqaalahooda. Shaqo dhow wakhtigaas ahaayeen Liibaanay. Xaqiiqada ah in warshadaha oo dhan "Focke-Wulf", cararaya US iyo qaraxii British of Bremen ka ayaa muddo dheer u dhaqaaqay bari, ee Posen, Marienburg iyo Cottbus. Sidaas daraaddeed waxay ahaayeen in dhulka ay gacanta ku Ciidamada Soviet.

Tiro badan oo ah shaqaalaha iyo qoysaskooda ku hadhay oo aan shaqo ama wax kasta oo hab-nololeedka ah. Laakiin waxaa jiray warar sheegaya in Ruush ay doonayaan in ay abuuraan sort qaar ka mid ah xafiiska ka mid ah Jarmal saynisyahano, samaynta iyo saarayaasha si ay u dhisaan daydo diyaarad cusub, oo ku salaysan waayo-aragnimo u gaar ah oo ay. Taangiga iyo si gorgortanka isaga oo wata wakiilada Soviet, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxba hogaanka yimid. Waxa uu isku dayay in uu xiriir la British iyo xataa taliyayaashii Chinese Shaaha Canche. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii taasu ay isaga badbaadiyey martiqaad ka Argentina. Sida aad ogtahay, dalkan waa isku mar si dhow la lahaa naasigii shaqeeyay iyadoo la siinayo saldhig gujis ay.

Jobs ee Argentina

Kurt Haanta iyo qoyskiisa u dhaqaaqay degenaansho cusub. Halkan wuxuu ku hawllan yahay shuqulkiisa u jecel yahay oo la dhigaayo dagaalka cusub ee engine ee jet Air Force Argentine. The eed injineer horumarinta Hans Multhoppa loo qaaday. Waxay ahayd mashruuc dagaalka a Ta-183, kaas oo lagu soo bandhigay qaar ka mid ah isbedel. Imtixaanka koowaad ee diyaarad cusub FMA Pulqui II maray dhamaadka June 1950. Waxaa lagu tijaabiyay by Captain E. Weiss. comments uu ku saabsan gaariga ahaayeen arrin muhiim ah.

lix ka mid ah diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo keliya ayaa la dhisay, ka dibna, afar sano ka dib, mashruuca ayaa la xidhay. In 1955, Madaxweyne Perón, kuwaas oo lagu casuumay Haanta in ay ka shaqeeyaan, u diiday, awoodda ay sabab u tahay inqilaab. Warshadda Diyaaradaha in ku dhow Cordoba. Kurt Haanta iyo diyaarado ay mar dambe loo baahan yahay. Injineer Jarmal iyo naqshadeeye diyaaradaha lahayn doorasho laakiin in uu ka tago Argentina. Taangiga timaado in Germany oo ay isku dayaan in ay sii wadaan shaqada, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin.

Horumarinta diyaaradaha ee Air Force Hindiya

In 1955, diyaarad mar kale lagu qasbay in ay ka baxaan dhulkooda hooyo. Waxa uu u guuray Hindiya. In mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha, oo ku yaalla Bangalore, isaga iyo koox ka mid ah khubarada ku hawlan mashruuca si ay u dhisaan dagaalka ee multi-Ujeedada a, taas oo loo magacaabay HF-24 Maaruut. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu horeysay ka qaadataan-off ee diyaaradda ahaa lagu guulaysan - uu ku burburtay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, shaqo tegey.

Bishii November 1967, waxaa hore u jiray dhacdooyin ku saabsan mishiinka warshadaha. dagaalka Maaruut noqday diyaaradaha ugu horeysay ee ciidamada loogu talagalay iyo dhisay Hindiya. Afar sano ka dib, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay dagaalka ee xuduudda la leh Pakistan.

soo laabtay

In 1970, diyaarad guriga yimaado. Wixii dhowr sano, wuxuu ahaa la taliyaha shirkada Berlin ee "Messerschmitt-Bel'kov-Blom."

Kurt Haanta (photo loo arki karaa in maqaalka) ayaa ku dhintay Munich bilowga ah ee June 1983. Isaga oo noloshiisa oo dhan wuxuu ahaa milicsiga ah xilligii in ay ka badbaaday kun oo waxgaradka Jarmal. Sida qaddar doonana waxaa sidaas waxay u noqotay in ay lagu qasbay in ay ka shaqeeyaan faa'iido u ah iyaga u gaar ah, xataa haddii ay Nazi, dawladda loogu talagalay guulaysanaya dunida. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, waxa uu weli u suurtagashay in ay soo biiriya eegis lagu taariikhda diyaaradaha.