Isoamylalcohol

Yareeya aalkolada monohydric, mid ka mid ah sideed isomers of pentanol, - waxaa isoamyl khamriga (formula kiimikada - C5H11OH, caqligal ah - (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH, iyo taaban - C5H12O). Magaca nidaamsan oo ah walaxda - 3-methylbutanol-1. Magacyada kale ee caadiga ah - isopentanol (Isopentanol) iyo izobutilkarbinol (Isobutylcarbinol).

Khamriga gaws mass uyeelaysaan kuwo 88,148 g / mol. In muuqaalka waa xun-Ur, cad, dareere midab oo ka fudud yahay biyaha. cufnaanta oo ah walaxda saafi ah 20 ° C - 0,8104 g / cm³. Isopentanol dhalaalayaa heerkulka a of laga jaray 117,2 ° C daray kulul at 131,1 ° C. Isoamyl khamriga waa mid ka mid ah saddex isomers khamriga amyl, kuwaas oo ah wax yar ka fiican yahay inta kale waa L. biyo. Its milmi biyo waa 28 g / l. Qaso acetone, ether preservative, ethanol, benzene, chloroform, acid acetic (glacial). nafwaayay Dynamic khamriga waa 3.692 MPA • s. Isopentanol waa shay khatar dabeed ah (this dareeraha guban kara). Its xadka qarxa 1,2-9%, dhibic flash - 42 ° C daray, autoignition - oo lagu daray 350 ° C.

Isopentanol waa qayb ugu weyn oo saliid ah fusel (waxa la aasaasay in soo saaridda of ethanol), oo ka kaas oo loo diyaargareeyey. Farsamada soo saarka Alcohol ka kooban yahay in kulaylinta wax xumu in meesha laga saaro darafyadiisa iftiinka (horeysay azeotrope debeda ethanol-biyaha, ka dibna la sii kordhaya heerkulka-butanol ahaa arimaha debeda off in biyo azeotrope). kulaylinta dheeraad ah ee evaporator ah oo u ogolaanaya in loo qoondeeyo khamriga isoamyl, iyo intii dadkii haray culus loo soo diray in ay baabba '. By beddelo beegyada uu nidaamka (heerkulka, iwm) tayada wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya ee ay gacanta ku hayso. isopentanol The natiijo la jajab mass of 3-methylbutanol-1 ilaa 99,0% (GOST 5830-79) ama 80% (tu 2421-004-20992222-98).

In joogitaanka Hannaan ah, kaasi oo loo adeegsaday sida sulfuric acid, khamriga isoamyl sameynayso la glacial acetic acid. isla'egta foomka soo socda waxaa loo qori karaa: C5H11OH + CH3COOH → C7H14O2 + H2O. reaction waxa uu leeyahay laba magacyada: reaction Fischer ama falcelin esterification. Natiijadu waxay tahay ah Ester (copolymer isoamyl) iyo biyo. The cusbi sarrifka ra'iyi acidic loo isticmaali karaa sida Hannaan halkii sulfuric acid. copolymer Isoamyl waa dhadhan macmal ah, kaas oo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in Dhadhansiinno cuntada ee muuska. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay u adeegtaa sida dareeraha ah lacquers nitrocellulose isticmaalka qaar ka mid ah (pheromonesku) in uu soo jiito kooxo badan oo bees on aag yar. Iyada oo urta wacan u daran iyo sumoobo hooseeyo, copolymer isoamyl waxaa loo isticmaalaa si ay u tijaabiso waxtarka respirators ama waji.

khamriga Isoamyl waa daroogada ah, waa sun. uumi ay diiqayaa u xub-axaleedka of mareenka-mareenka, taasoo keenta qufac iyo dyspnea. Waa waxyeello haddii la liqo ama neefsado. waxay keeni kartaa niyad-jabka habdhiska dhexe. Wixii qaybta ugu sunta khamriga ku xanuunsado nidaamka dhexe ee habdhiska, sambabada, indhaha, maqaarka. Sii dheerayn ama la xiriir soo noqnoqda isaga la keenaysaa in qallayl maqaarka iyo maaddooyinka. Sidaas darteed of qofku cuno dhacdaa cuncun iyo mindhicirka la lalabo, matag iyo shuban. isaga Hit ee sanbabada ayaa waxaa keenaya pneumonitis kiimikada natiijada dilaa. saamayn Narcotic dhacdaa oo leh calaamado of madax xanuun, tabar, dawakh, miyirka oo luma. Sidaas darteed, dhibbanaha ku dhici karaa kooma.

Haddii khamriga isoamyl galaa indhihiinna, iyagu waa waqti dheer (ugu yaraan 15 daqiiqo), waxaad aaddaa biyo ku maydhay, iyo daryeel caafimaad raadsato. Marka galo maqaarka, qaybo, kuwaas oo ay sidoo kale lagu maydhay biyo. Iska saar dharka iyo kabaha wasakhaysan. Haddii cuncun yeesho iyo sii socoto, markaas raadsataa daryeel caafimaad. Dharka hor reuse daruuri masixi. Haddii liqay, isla markiiba u heshaa caawinaad caafimaad. Ha u abaari matag haddii si toos ah inay sidaa sameeyaan shaqaalaha caafimaadka. Qof miyir, marnaba wax afka siin. Haddii matag si dabiici ah dhacdaa, dhibbanaha weeraryahanka tiirsan. Haddii lammaane sumowga isoamyl khamriga bukaanka keenaan hawo cusub. Haddii uusan neefsashada, CPR ah. Haddii neefsashada waa ay adag tahay siiyo oxygen. gargaar caafimaad ayaa loo baahan yahay! Dhakhtarku wuxuu kuu qoray waa daaweynta calaamadaha iyo taageero.