Entomology - waa sayniska? Waa maxay waxbarashada entomology

Entomology - taasi waa mid ka mid ah qeybaha kala duwan ee cilmi barasho xayawaan ah. Waxay ku salaysan tahay daraasad ee noocyada kala duwan ee cayayaanka. qoraalka oo gaar ah waa entomology. Erayada lagu daro waxa ay kala yihiin Greek. Kuwaas oo ἔντομον - "cayayaan" iyo λόγος - "waxbaridda." Waxaa jira tiro badan oo ah cayayaanka. Taasi waa 3 million noocyada. Sidaa darteed, si ay u sahamiyaan oo dhan oo iyaga ka mid, waxay u baahan yihiin caawimo takhasus badan.

Taariikhda dhacdo

Entomology - sayniska ee nasekomoobraznyh. Waxaa asalkiisu ka soo jeedo ee qarnigii XVI ka. Waxaa noqday si degdeg ah loo hagaajiyo, horumarinta dhaqanka iyo beeraha (shinnida) mahad.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah cilmiga bayoolajiga weyn u xiiseeneyso sayniska this. Waxay ka adkaan Darwin, Nobel Karl von Frisch, qoraa Vladimir Nabokov, Professor Edward Wilson.

Waa maxay waxbarashada entomology

Ilaa kala badh qarnigii XIX ah, saynisyahano Akhrisatay anatomy ee noocyada kala duwan ee cayayaanka, sameeyey description lafaha iyo xubnaha dibadda. Wax yar ka dib, bayoolajiga bilaabay inuu hagaajiyo ee ku yaala goobahan. Waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan cayayaanka, feejignaan ma aha oo kaliya in ay lafaha iyo xubnaha, laakiin sidoo kale on qofka qaybo ka mid ah jidhka. Tani waa xaqiiqo dhab ah oo la taaban karo.

meelaha qaarkood

Entomology - sayniska ee noocyada nasekomoobraznyh, oo ka kooban dhowr qaybood:

• dhinacyada akhriska ee hababka noolaha ah ee ilaalinta dhirta.
• Saamaynta nafaqo iyo arrimo loogu talaggalay abiogenous geedi socodka cayayaanka.
• Ethology.
• wareegyada nolosha ee cayayaanka iyo ontogeny.
• Entomofauna.
• horumar ah ee cayayaanka.
• entomology Population.
• The fataahadda iyo embryology cayayaan.
• Foundations of teori entomology wax ku ool ah.
• qaybinta dhuleed.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Description of tilmaamaha

Sannad kasta bayoolajiga ku hawlan barashada cayayaanka si loo ogaado sababta ay lagama maarmaan u yihiin oo ay meel ee dabiiciga ah waxa. Inta lagu jiro baaritaano badan oo ka mid ah kuwa lamid ah oo kala duwan bilaabay inuu qeybiyo nooc waxyeello iyo waxtar leh. In si kale loo dhigo, Entomology - daraasadda of cayayaanka, kuwaas oo ujeedada ugu weyn waa in bartaan dhaqanka iyo sifooyinka of cayayaan, iyo sidoo kale aqoonsiga habab wax ku ool ah iyaga la dagaallanka.

First of dhan waxaan jeclaan lahaa in ay diiradda saaraan xaqiiqo dhab ah oo si gaar ah. Taasi waa, ka entomology waxbarasho oo dhan, saynisyahano ku badan yihiin ee qaar ka mid ah noocyada cayayaan, kaas oo waxaa laga yaabaa in ay sidayaal ugu weyn ee cuduro badan oo. Tani, markeeda, waa mid aad u dhaawici caafimaadka aadanaha. Sidoo kale, oo aan ka yarayn muhiim ahaa daraasadda of cayayaanka keeni karo dhib ma aha oo kaliya qofka, laakiin dhirta dalagga. daraasaddan faahfaahsan oo iminka natiijooyin xiiso leh oo wax ku ool. Dhalmada ayaa lagu arkay parasitism iyo t. D.

waxbarashada waxaa lagu fuliyay tallaabooyin wax ku ool ah loogu talagalay la dagaalanka cayayaanka yiri. Waxaan isticmaali aqoonta foomka iyo jidka nolosha kasta oo cayayaan ah. Maadaama uu cilmiga noolaha faahfaahsan oo dheeraad ah oo la arkay ay noloshooda, saynisyahano ay awoodaan si ay u horumariyaan habka uu u baabbi'iyo. Sidaa darteed Entomology - saynis ah in uu leeyahay qof muhiim ah. Maxkamad iyo qalad jira laba siyaabood oo loo xakameeyo cayayaanka Waxaa la soo saaray. Kuwaas oo qaarkood ku xereen dhirta oo la sunta walxaha. Hanaankani wuxu ku kordhinaya burburinta cayayaan kuwan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay halis u tahay caafimaadka dadka. Maskaxda ku hay in, ugu horreeya oo dhan, entomology - sayniska ee kuwa lamid ah iyo cayayaanka kale oo kala duwan. Barteen iyaga oo ku saabsan loo isticmaali doonaa noocyo kala duwan oo cilmi baaris mustaqbalka.

Xiriirka la noocyada kala duwan ee

Jiritaanka entomology, waxaa laga heli karaa publications gaar ah iyo majaladaha ku saabsan qiimaha la taaban karo iyo horumar. Ka dib marka aad dib u eegto macluumaadka this waxa uu noqonayaa mid iska cad in xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya noocyada qaar ka mid ah cayayaanka waa mid aad u adag. Waxaa had iyo jeer ahaa oo xiiso leh si ay u daawadaan cayayaanka ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah sayniska. Iyo aqoonta helay ku dhaqanka. Gaar ahaan madadaalo ahaayeen xogta dhawrid ka barta wax ku ool ah oo fekrad ahaan aragtida labada. Waxaa soo baxday in in noocyada badan ee kuwa lamid ah waa ifafaale caadi ah sida parasitism iyo khaasatan. Xaaladda hore - waa marka mid ka mid ah cayayaanka ku nool kharash ku kale. In labaad - gargaar labada dhinac midba midka kale.

Inta dulin waxaa laga heli karaa labadaba Diptera ah, iyo foomamka membranous. Ma aha mar la arkay xaqiiqada muhiim ah. Waa been in xaqiiqda ah in noocyada qaar ka mid ah dulin laga yaabaa in ay jiraan sababo la xiriira noocyada cayayaanka qaarkood, iyo kuwa kale waxaa laga yaabaa in polyphagous. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xusuusto. Waxaa jiray jeer markii dulin ku nool yihiin kharashka dadka kale, ka dibna saddexaad iyo kan afraad. La xiriira khaasatan ah, this ifafaale ayaa lagu arkay mid ah Kadalaan, quraanjada. Beesha iyaga noocyada kale oo badan oo cayayaan ku noolaan karaan. noloshooda waa isku xiran. Sidaas daraaddeed waxaa wax sida termitofiliya iyo myrmecophily sida.

Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee Entomology

Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira dhowr qodobo. Entomology - sayniska ee cayayaanka - waxaa sidoo kale u qaybsan dhowr qaybood. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah oo ku lug leh jiho go'an. Xaaladdan oo kale:

• cayayaanka entomology Private. Waxaa ka mid ah ku edbiyo soo socda:

- melittology (daraasadda of bees).

- Blattopterologiya ama diktiopterologiya (baranbaro, quraanjada).

- Dipterologiya (daraasadda kaneecada iyo Diqsiga).

- Gimenopterologiya (daraasadda of bees, xoonka, rag fuula u pylilschikov, Kadalaan).

- coleopterology (daraasadda of Coleoptera).

- lepidopterist (cilmi Lepidoptera).

- myrmecology (daraasadda of Kadalaan.

- Odonatologiya (dragonflies).

- orthopterology (daraasadda of ayax qoyska, ayax).

- Trihopterologiya (caddisflies cilmi).

• General Entomology. Waxay daraasad qaab dhismeedka, horumar iyo kala duwanaanta dhaqdhaqaaqa cayayaanka, horumarinta shakhsiga iyo degaanada ay.
• Applied Entomology. Waa sayniska ah oo ku saabsan dubato ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr goobood. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay dabeecad nemaloznachimy. kuwaas oo:

- Forest Entomology.

- xoolaha.

- Medical.

• Beeraha Entomology. Waxay baranayaan nooc gaar ah oo cayayaanka. Magac ahaan kuwa halis u ah dalagga, dhirta, xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka. Waxay sidoo kale daraasaad cayayaanka ku lug leh pollination dhirta.
• entomology Forensic. Xaaladdan oo kale waxaa heysta jihada gaar ah. Taasi waa, Entomology this - sayniska ee cayayaanka ku saabsan sayniska foreensiga in daraasaad noocyada waxaa laga yaabaa in muuqdaan on jirka ka mid ah nin uu dhintay ka dib. In si kale loo dhigo, by isticmaalaya marxalad kala duwan ee horumarineed ee dirxiga of blowflies kartaa muddada jiritaanka meyd ah. Entomology Tani - saynis ah in uu leeyahay shuruudo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii meydkii ma dirxiga ama ukunta, markaas dhimashada ma ahaa in ka badan afar saacadood ka hor. Oo haddii ay yihiin, waxa uu ku dilay 6-12 saacadood ka dib. Laakiin haddii aad maalin ahayd, dirxiga in ka weyn waxa laga heli karaa jidhka. Ka dib 36 h., Waxay cabbirkoodu wuu kordhaa. Laakiin haddii laba toddobaad ayaa soo maray, ay pupation bilaabmaa. Chinese The in maalmaha hore ee entomology foreensiga qarnigii XIII ah, waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan dirxiga Daqsi u siidayso kiis oo dil ah.

Hay'adaha waxbarashada sare, barashada sayniska this

Dhibaatooyinka la xidhiidha daraasadda of cayayaanka ee Russia, go'aan in hay'adaha soo socda:

- Moscow State University ee Museum Buslhada ah (Moscow).

- Daraasad shaybaarka ee entomology in Far Eastern Laanta of Ruush Academy of Sciences (Biology iyo Ciidda Science). Waxay ku taalaa magaalada Vladivostok.

- Academy The Ruush of Sciences (Institute of Evolutionary fataahadda). Waxay ku taalaa ee Moscow.

- Institute. Schmalhausen. Waxay ku taalaa ee Kiev.

- Academy Qaranka ee Sayniska ee Ukraine. Location - Kyiv.

- Arrimaha la xiriira iyo entomology beeraha, waxbarashada machadka Ruush ee Plant Protection. Waxay ku taalaa agagaarka St. Petersburg. Oo sidii dhammaan hay'adaha tacliinta sare, taas oo ku hadhay ka dib markii Midowga Soofiyeeti ku hawlan barashada flora. Oo ay ku jiraan in machadka cilmi-baarista warshadaha.

- Dhibaatooyinka entomology caafimaad go'aan ku wan. Tani Institute of duumada iyo cudurada dulinka.

- Sidoo kale wax ka baran xogta lagu qabtay hay'adaha kale. Magac ahaan, dugsiga Entomological Jarmalka iyo coleopterology Institute Baltic.

Waxaa ka mid ah hay'adaha qaar badan oo ka mid ah sayniska tacliinta sare ku qeexan muddo shan sano ah ayaa waxaa soo xushay oo ku saabsan 25 545 articles u huray in entomology.

Kaliya 5 hay'adaha xusay ay heer. Kala ah: Jaamacadda Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

The Department of entomology waxbarashada

Waxay waxaa ku jira tiro badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee la abuuray:

- Jaamacadda Beeraha ee Kuban ah. Wasaaraddu waxay la abuuray 1968.

- At Jaamacadda iyaga ka mid ah. University of Moscow ee 1925, Kulliyadda Biology iyo Department of Entomology ayaa halkan abuuray.

- At Jaamacadda iyaga ka mid ah. Timiryazeva (ICCA). Wasaaraddu waxay la abuuray 1920.

- The Saint-Petersburg State University.

- In Saratov hay'ad ay khusayso iyo Waaxda Entomology la aasaasay. Magac ahaan, in University Deedna Gobolka. Vavilov.

- Waxa kale oo Department of Entomology la aasaasay Stavropol waxbarashada sare. Waa University Deedna Gobolka. Vavilov.

Ururada ku lug entomology

In 1859, KM Baer iyo Academician Semenov-Tyan-Shan abuuray bulshada Ruush inaad wax ka barato entomology. In times Soofiyeeti waxa uu ahaa magac la hubo - ". All-Midowga Entomological Society"

Ururada noocan oo kale ah ayaa ku salaysan ee dalalka kala duwan oo adduunka ah. kuwaas oo:

- France.

- UK.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).

- Holland.

- Belgium.

- Russia.

- America (1867 est.).

- Philadelphia (1859 est.).

- Kanada.

- Italy.

- Cambridge.

- Germany.

Iyo bulshada kale entomological waa:

- Ukraine.

- Britain.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Espanola de Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Espanola de Entomología Aplicada).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

Waxa kale oo jira bulshada caalamiga ah: Society Caalamiga ah ee Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.

A si fiican u habaysan Midowga Caalamiga ah ee Study of Cayayaanka Bulshada.

edition

The periodic publications aasaasiga ah Ruush on sayniska ayaa sheegay in ay kala yihiin:

- "Entomological Review". Halkan buuxda sharaxaad ka subtleties of jihada this.

- "All-Midowga Entomological Society qaadista."

Sidoo kale, waxaa jira publications:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Ruush Entomological Journal." Waxa uu bilaabay inuu la soo saaray sanadkii 1992.

- "Eurasian Entomological Journal" (2002), iwm ...

Dad badan oo sharaxaada nidaamka cayayaanka ee Federation Ruush ah waxaa laga heli karaa ku-mugga multi "of Russia iyo dalalka ku xeeran (Soviet Union)." Noocan ah suugaanta waxaa lagu daabacay dalal badan oo caalamka ah.

gunaanad

Ka dib markii reading this text, qof walbo ka jawaabo su'aasha ah in waxbarashada entomology awood u yeelan doonaan, wixii meelaha ay saamaysaa. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah oo kaliya in ay taxadir leh u akhri qorani. Sidoo kale, macluumaadka laga heli karaa this site sida "molbiol". Entomology waxaa lagu sharaxay si faahfaahsan. Guud ahaan waxaan u badan oo ku saabsan sayniska this sheegi kartaa. Waa ben badan ee xiiso leh iyo faa'iido leh in ay Dadka. Waxa ugu weyn ee - in ay xiiso ku yaala goobahan. Oo haddii aad hesho si aad nuxurka aad ee entomology, waxa ay noqon doontaa arrin xiiso leh iyo sayniska Waano.