Composers fiican ee Renaissance ah

Taariikhyahan Jules Michelet qarnigii XIX ah, waxa ay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee loo isticmaalo ereyga "Renaissance". Fanaaniinta iyo composers, oo laga wada hadli doonaa in this article ka tirsan tahay muddada bilaabay qarnigii XIV ah, marka si uu u bedelo xukunka ayaa kiniisaddii Dr Makumbe yimid dhaqanka cilmaani ah, iyadoo ay xiisaha qofka aadanaha.

Music ee Renaissance ah

dal oo Yurub ah waqtiyo kala duwan, ayaa galay marxalad cusub. fikrado wax yar ka hor of humanism soo baxay Italy, laakiin dhaqanka muusikada Dadwaynaha dugsiga Holland, halkaas oo ay ugu horeysay ee gaar ah parametrized (hoyga) ayaa la aasaasay at katedraalka, tababar composers mustaqbalka. The noocyo ugu weyn ee waqtiga ku cad shaxda hoos ku qoran:

The ugu composers caanka ah ee Renaissance ee Holland - waa Giyom Dyufai, Jacob Obrecht, Josquin des wafdiga Madaxweynaha.

Dutch weyn

Johannes Ockeghem bartay at Notre Dame parametrized (Antwerp) iyo in 40-mada ay goobta cibaadaysiga qarnigii XV noqday chorister a at barxadda Duke Charles I (France). Dabadeed, wuxuu qabtay oo kaxeeyey goobta cibaadaysiga of maxkamadda reer boqor. Markuu noolaa da'da ah u bislaaday jir ah, uu ka tagay dhaxal weyn oo dhan noocyo, isagoo cadeeyay polyphonists aad u fiican. na soo gaadhay qoraal gacmeedka ah ee uu 13 tacsida loo yaqaan Chigi Codex, mid ka mid ah kaas oo la rinjiyeeyay on 8 votes. Waxa uu sidoo kale aan loo isticmaalin dadka kale oo kaliya, laakiin Gurtida iyaga u gaar ah.

Orlando Lasso waxa uu ku dhashay waxa hadda waa Belgium (Mons) ee 1532-m. Awoodiisa muusikada ahaa ee carruurnimada hore. Wiil ayaa waxaa guriga ka afduubtay saddex jeer in ay sameeyaan muusikiiste weyn. nolosha oo dhan uu ku qaatay in Bavaria, halkaas oo Albrecht V at barxadda Duke dhaqmeen sida xukunka ah, ka dibna u kaxeeyey goobta cibaadaysiga. Its kooxda aadka u xirfadeed caawiyay beddesho Munich ee xarunta Yurub music, booqday by composers badan oo caan ah ee Renaissance ah.

isaga Si aan u yimaadeen inay wax ka barato talanti sida Johann Eckard, Leonard Lechner, Talyaani D. Gabrieli. Isaga oo meel ay ku nastaan la soo dhaafay ee 1594 mitir oo uu helay gayiga Kiniisadda Munich, taasoo ka dhigeysa dhaxalgal ah grand: in ka badan 750 motets, 60 tacsida iyo boqolaal ka mid ah gabayo, ka mid ah taas oo ay ugu caansan ahaa Susanne un jour. Innovation kala waxaa motets ( "Wax Sii Sheegid Ka of Sibyls ah"), laakiin waxa uu la og yahay in music cilmaani mahad, taas oo ahayd badan oo kaftan (vilanella O Bella fusa).

dugsiga Talyaani

composers fiican ee Renaissance ee Italy lagu daro goobaha dhaqanka ee si firfircoon uga soo koraya muusikada xarkaha (xubin, string & sujuudi alaabtii, biyaano). The qalab ugu badan wuxuu ahaa shareerad, iyo dhamaadka qarnigii XV halkaas joogay harpsichord a - horreeyay ee biyaano ah. Ku saleysan oo ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah music dad fartaan laba dugsiga ugu saameynta badan ee ka kooban: Roman (Giovanni Palestrina) iyo uguurtay (Andrea Gabrieli).

Dzhovanni Perluidzhi Palestrina qaaday magaca magaca magaalada u dhow Rome, halkaas oo uu ku dhashay oo waxay u adeegeen sidii organist kaniisadda ugu weyn iyo choirmaster. uu taariikhda dhalashada waa mid aad ugu dhaw, laakiin isagu wuxuu u dhintay 1594-m. Waayo, nolol dheer ku qoray oo ku saabsan 100 200 Tacsida iyo motets. Uu "Mass ee Pope Marcellus" farxda jaceylka ee Pope Pius IV, oo waxay noqdeen model ah music Catholic xurmada leh. Giovanni - wakiil ugu caansan ee gabay vocal aan raacidda muusikada.

Andrea Gabrieli, si wadajir ah ula uu ardayga iyo adeer u ah Giovanni shaqeeyey goobta cibaadaysiga of (qarnigii XVI) St. Mark ayaa, "midabaynta" heesta heeso xubnaha dhawaaqa iyo qalab kale. Uguurtay School waxaay awoodda si music cilmaani ah, iyo wax soo saarka ee "Oedipus" by Sophocles masraxa, Andrea Gabrieli Choir music la qoray, polyphony qasiidooyinka muunad iyo harbinger ka mid ah mustaqbalka opera.

Features ee dugsiga Jarmal

dalka Jarmalka u hormarsataan by Ludwig Senfl, si fiican polyphonist qarnigii XVI ka, ayaa soo gaadhay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka ugu sayid Dutch. Songs Abwaan-gabayaa ka mid farsamo (dhinta Meistersinger) - sidoo kale waa music gaar ah Renaissance ah. composers Jarmal ayaa heeso Corporation: tinkers, shoemakers, looxiisa. Waxay la midoobeen dhulka. Wakiilka fiican ee dugsiga Nuremberg bilaabay heeso Gans Saks (sannadaha cimrigaaguna: 1494-1576).

Wuxuu ku dhashay qoys ka kooban dhar tolida, nolosha oo dhan uu ka shaqeeyay kabatole, Garaaci erudition iyo danaha muusikada iyo suugaanta. Waxa uu akhriyo Kitaabka Quduuska ah ee fasiraadda reformer weyn Luther, ogaa gabayayaashiinnu qadiimiga ah iyo mahadiyo Boccaccio. Sida muusikiiste qoom, Sachs foomamka ma u gaar ah polyphony sameeyey, laakiin abuuray luuq ee bakhaarka song. Waxay ahaayeen ku dhow yahay inuu cayaarta, waa ay fududahay in la xasuusto oo ay laxanka gaar ah. The shaqo ugu caansan ahaa "habayn Silver".

Renaissance: fannaaniin France iyo composers

dhaqanka muusikada Faransiis si dhab ah ay la kulmaan in hormariyo dalka kaliya ee qarnigii XVI ka, marka dhulka bulshada loo diyaariyey ee dalka.

Mid ka mid ah wakiilada ugu fiican waa Kleman Zhaneken. Waxaa la og yahay in uu ku dhashay Chatellerault (dhamaadka qarnigii XV) iyo ka tegey gabay-wiil si laxamiistaha shakhsi boqorka. Oo ay dhaxal ahaan farshaxanka sii raagayaan songs cilmaani kaliya daabacay Attenyanom. Waxay ahaayeen 260, laakiin warkiisii dhabta kasbadeen by kuwa ku maray tijaabada waqtiga: "heesaha shimbiraha", "Ugaarsiga", "Skylark", "War", "ooyo of Paris". Waxay had iyo goorba daabacay iyo sida loo isticmaalo by kale processing.

gabayadiisuna ayaa vociferous oo u ekaa Muuqaallo qasiidooyinka, halkaas oo lagu daro onomatopoeia iyo cantilena codka la qaylinaya joogo mas'uul ka ah dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqada. Waxa uu ahaa isku day geesi si aad u ogaato hababka cusub ee sawirka.

Waxaa ka mid ah composers caanka ah ee France - Guillaume Taangiyada kululaynta, Zhak Modyui, Baifa Jean Claude Lejeune, Claude Gudimel, siinaysaa music ah bakhaar habboonaanta, taas oo qeyb ka milmaan ee music by dadweynaha guud.

Composers ee Renaissance England

qarnigii XV ee England ka dhacay sarkhaansan shuqullada John Dabsteyla iyo XVI - Uilyama Borda. Labada sayid lagu waday inuu music ruuxiga ah. Bird bilaabay organist ee Lincoln Cathedral, oo uu xirfadiisa ku dhamaatay Chapel Royal ee London. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay la xidhiidhaan music iyo ganacsiga. In 1575, iyadoo la kaashanaysa laxamiistaha ugu Tallis noqday monopolist ah in la daabaco shuqullada muusikada in isagii waxba uma keeno faa'iido. Laakiin muddo dheer maxkamadaha difaacaneysa xaqa ay u leeyihiin in ay hanti qaaday. dhimashadiisa (1623) ee waraaqaha rasmiga ah ee goobta cibaadaysiga ka dib, waxaa loogu yeedhay "aasaasihii music ah."

Maxaa tagay ee composers weyn ee Renaissance ah? Bird ka sokow anthologies daabacay (Cantiones Sacrae, Gradualia) ayaa sii raagayaan gacmeedyada badan, iyaga ka fiirsaneysa inay ku haboon oo keliya adeegyada guriga. madrigals ka dib Published (Musica Transalpina) tusay saamayn weyn oo qorayaasha Talyaani, laakiin dhowr Tacsida iyo motets galay fund ah oo dahab ah oo muusiko ah muqadas.

Spain Cristobal de Morales

The wakiillo ka ugu fiican ee dugsiga music Isbaanish iyada oo Vatican ka gudbay, ku hadlaya goobta cibaadaysiga le'daan. Waxay dareemeen saamaynta qorayaal Holland iyo Talyaaniga, sidaas darteed, wax yar uun u suurtagashay in ay noqdaan caan ka baxsan dalka. Renaissance composers ka Spain ahaayeen polyphonists abuuraya shuqullada qasiidooyinka. Wakiilka ifka - Cristobal de Morales (qarnigii XVI), oo ku hogaamiyay parametrized ee Toledo iyo aqoon ka badan hal arday. raacsane A of Josquin des wafdiga Madaxweynaha, Cristobal privnos farsamo gaar ah taxane ah oo shuqullada yeedhay homophonic.

caan ugu weyn helay laba Author Ciidamo (ee la soo dhaafay - shan votes) ". Nin hubaysan", iyo sidoo kale Mass ah Waxa uu ku qoray oo camal cilmaani ah (Cantata ah oo lagu sharfayo heshiiskii nabadda ee 1538), laakiin waxa loola jeedaa shuqulladiisii hore. Cinwaanka galay dhammaadka nolosha cibaadaysiga ee Malaga, ayuu ku hadhay qoraaga of music xurmada leh.

halkii ay ka gunaanad

Composers ah Renaissance iyo shuqulladoodu diyaariyey kaco ee muusikada xarkaha ee qarnigii XVII iyo soo bixitaanka of nooca cusub - opera, kaas oo bedelay diiniga ah codad badan oo soo socda sarraynta ee keentay luuq ah. Oo waxay u sameeyeen horumar degdeg ah oo dhab ah in horumarinta dhaqanka iyo muusikada calaamadsan bilowgii farshaxanka casriga ah.