Butyl khamriga

Butanol - waa magaca dhaqanka ee mid ka mid ah alcohols monovalent. Si aad u khusaysaa magaca nidaamsan - 1-butanol, iyo sidoo kale dadka kale - n-butanol (butanol caadiga ah) ama khamriga butyl. In this Britain hoose khamriga afar atamka carbon, ku xiran in midba midka kale, iyo koox hydroxyl ka badalay mid la eb hydrogen of formula kiimikada C. ugu horeysay - C4H9OH, caqligal ah - CH3 (CH2) 3OH, taaban - C4H10O.

mass gaws of n-butanol loo siman yahay 74,1 g / jirjirroolaha. In gobolka caadiga ah, waa dareere la cufnaanta ah 0,81 g / cm³. MILMA dhibic C4H9OH - jaray 90,2 ° C, heerkulka kulul - oo lagu daray 117,4 ° C. index The Refractive maalkii saafi ah oo u dhiganta 1.399. Autoignites 1-butanol at heerkul ah 345 ° C jebin karaa heerkulka a of 34 ° C.

khamriga Butyl waa qaab toosan shidaalka, taas oo ka mid ah la eb hydrogen ee atamka ba'an C bedelay by group hydroxyl ah. Wuxuu leeyahay saddex isomers isagoo magaca nidaamsan:

• 2-methyl-1-propanol - jahaysteen silsilad hydrocarbon kooxda methyl a at labaad iyo koox hydroxyl at eb ugu horeysay carbon ah;
• 2-butanol - dhismeedka hydrocarbon toosan haysta koox hydroxyl at eb ee carbon labaad;
• 2-methyl-2-propanol - hydrocarbon-dhismeedka jahaysteen leh methyl ah iyo koox hydroxyl a at eb ee carbon labaad.

magacyada Ciyaalle Waayo, kuwaas oo walxaha isku xigxiga isla: ISO-butanol (khamriga isobutyl), sec-butanol iyo tert-butanol.

Taagoo isomers butanol ku kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan afarta walxaha la C4H9OH ku formula guud leeyihiin dhibcood xaabo kala duwan, dhibic karkaraya iyo sifooyinka kale. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, butyl iyo alcohols isobutyl kooban milmi, halka labada isomers kale si buuxda miscible biyo. Tani waa sababta in qaab-dhismeedka dhan alcohols (CnH2n + 1OH) kooxda hydroxyl waxaa saameeya polarity ah, kaas oo ku kordhinaya in la kordhiyo milmi biyaha. At koritaanka waqti isku mid ah atamka carbon ee Britain ayaa ku adkaynaysaa geedi socodka this. Haddii alcohols aasaasiga ah sida methanol, ethanol iyo propanol si buuxda miscible biyo, ka dibna n-butanol - dhexdhexaad ah.

khamriga Tert-butyl (haddii kale 2-methyl-2-propanol ama tert-butanol) - waa khamriga fudud jaamacadeed. Waa dareere cad (ama midab adag). khamriga Tani waa heer sare L. biyo, isku qasan oo leh ether preservative iyo ethanol. Waxaa ka mid ah isomers of butanol u gaar ah, sababtoo ah waxaa lagu daawayn karaa heerkulka qolka oo wuu dhalaali doonaa marka heerkulku yar ka sarreeya 25 ° C. Tert-butanol waa byproduct ah ee wax soo saarka ee isobutane la xabagta propylene. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waxaa laga heli karaa by fuuq horseed ee isobutylene.

Like alcohols kale oo badan, khamriga butyl waa walax waxyeelo leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay muujiyeen heerka hoose ee sumoobo at xoolaha shaybaarka, sidaas darteed la xidhiidho ku filan ammaan iyo walxaha loo adeegsaday la isku qurxiyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay qaadan maqaarka galay jidhka bini'aadamka keeni kartaa niyad-jabka habdhiska dhexe. Contact khamriga indhaha la keena cuncun daran iyaga, qaadan on maqaarka - dhexdhexaad ah. Xaaladaha intooda badan, butanol si degdeg ah metabolized in carbon dioxide. Khatarta ugu aasaasiga ah waxay dhacdaa iyada oo sababtu tahay soo-gaadhista dheer in qiiqa. sumoobo daran waxaa laga yaabaa in niyad-jabka ah ee nidaamka dhexe ee neerfaha isagoo ku keeni kara xitaa dhimasho.

Ereyga "khamriga farsamo" marar badan codsatay in ethanol, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale loo saarin karaa in jinni oo kale. Tusaale ahaan, marka butanol waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida qayb ka mid ah shidaalka baabuurta. Waxaa la-oolnimada a ka badan ethanol shaqeeya, sida tamarta in ahbaa by sari ee lacagta la mid ah shidaalka ee C4H9OH ka badan C2H5OH. Butanol waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida daro ah in shidaalka naaftada, taasoo content danbas ee ku gaasas dhammayn.

khamriga Butyl waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sida a waxyaabaha dareeraha ama kaabayaal loogu talagalay duubis kiimikada, iyo sidoo kale shidaal. Sida dareeraha loo isticmaalo in dhar iyo kiimikada warshadaha. Waxa uu sidoo kale waa qayb ka mid ah dheecaanada Haydarooliga oo kala jejebiyey, ama waa, inkastoo uu caraf udgoon khamriga, aasaas u ah cadarka.