Biyo ammonia, helitaanka, formula codsanaya

gaaska midab leh ur af, ammonia NH ₃ ma aha oo kaliya diyaar L. biyo la horumar kulaylka. walax firfircoon sameynayso la taagoo of H ₂ O si ay u sameeyaan alkali daciif ah. Xalka ayaa heshay magacyada dhawr, mid ka mid ah - biyo ammonia. Xarunta waxay leedahay guryaha la yaab leh, kuwaas oo ah in geeddi-socodka of formation, halabuurka iyo falgalka kiimikada.

formation ra'iyi ammonium

Formula biyo ammonia - NH ₄ OH. Halabuurka ayaa ah arrinta waa hadiyad waxbarashada NH _{4 ^+,} taas oo la aasaasay nonmetals - nitrogen iyo hydrogen. atamka N in Britain ammonia loo isticmaalo si ay u sameeyaan isku xirka covalent ah kala horjeeda oo kaliya 3 ka mid ah 5 ka mid ah electrons dibadda ah, oo mid ka mid ah labada ciyaaryahan ayaa weli sheegan. Waxay si xoogan kala fog Britain ayaa biyo protons hydrogen H ⁺ Itoob xidheen oxygen, mid ka mid ah uu noqdo deeq labo ka mid electron keliya ee nitrogen (aqbalana).

Waxa asaasay ra'iyi ammonium la kharash wanaagsan iyo nooc gaar ah ee bond covalent daciif ah - deeq-aqbalana. Waayo, inta ay le'eg tahay, lacag, iyo qaar ka mid ah muuqaalada kale waxay u ekaan waxbarashada potassium iyo u dhaqmo sida bir ah alkali. Aan caadi ahayn marka la eego xarunta kiimikada sameynayso la acids la xirrira cusbada waxaa ka mid ah muhiimadda ay leedahay wax ku ool weyn. Magacyada, kaas oo ka tarjumaya sifooyinka iyo guryaha ee arrinta:

• biyo ammonia;
• hydroxide ammonium;
• hydrate ammonia;
• ammonia iyo dhamayta.

tallaabooyin taxaddar

Daryeelka waa in la qaato marka la ammonia iyo taagayo ay shaqeeya. Waxaa muhiim ah in maskaxda lagu hayo:

1. biyo ammonia uu leeyahay ur xun. gaaska baxsan dhibtaa dusha xuubka sanka ee isha, taasoo keenta qufac.
2. Marka kaydinta ammonia ee ah fijaan duub u xiran yihiin, ampoules sii daayay ammonia.
3. Waxaa lagu ogaan karaa iyada oo aan alaabtii, kaliya by urta xitaa qadar yar oo ah gaaska ee xal iyo hawada.
4. ratio ka dhexeeya Moleekuleyaasha iyo siifilisku kala duwan ee pH kala duwan ee xalka.
5. Iyadoo qiimaha ah oo ku saabsan 7 hoos u fiirsashada of gaaska sunta ah NH ₃ waxaa kordhay xaddi yar waxyeello u nool siifilisku noolaha NH ₄ ⁺

Diyaarinta hydroxide ammonium. guryaha jirka

Marka kala diri ee biyaha, ammonia sameeyay biyo ammonia. Formula oo ah walaxda - NH ₄ OH, laakiin dhab ahaantii labada udhigo joogaan

NH ₄ ^+, OH ^-, taagoo of NH ₃ iyo H ₂ O. ra'iyi reaction The sarrifka kiimikada dhexeeya ammonia iyo biyaha, gobolka nuqdad. Geedi socodka laga arki karaa by Bannaanka, on taas oo ah fallaadhihiisii oppositely faray tilmaamaya ytimaada ee ifafaale ah.

In diyaarinta shaybaarka biyo ammonia waa la fuliyay in tijaabo la xeryahooda nitrogen-ka kooban. Marka qasmay biyo ammonia in la siiyo dareere midab cad. At cadaadiska sare milmi ee korodhka gaaska. Biyaha dheer tuseysa kala diri dhexdeeda ammonia at heerkul ka sareeya. Ujeedooyinka warshadaha iyo beeraha heer warshadeed in la siiyo boqolkiiba 25 walax markii diri ammonia. Habka labaad wuxuu isticmaalaa falcelinta of coke gaaska foornada biyo.

The guryaha kiimikada ee hydroxide ammonium

Markaad la xiriirayso labada dareere - biyo ammonia iyo Aashito - waxa daboola kooxaha qiiq cad. Waxay ka kooban tahay qayb ka mid ah wax soo saarka dareen - chloride ammonium. Iyada oo sida walax kacsan sida Aashito, falcelinta qaadataa meel si toos ah hawada.

Low-alkali kiimikaad hydroxide ammonium:

1. reversibly maalkii iska fogeeyay in biyo si ay u sameeyaan waxbarashada ammonium iyo ra'iyi ah hydroxide.
2. In joogitaanka NH ₄ ⁺ ra'iyi, phenolphthalein xal midab la caseeyey sida in alkalis midabka magenta.
3. Chemical dhexdhexaadnimada natiijada acid in formation of ammonium cusbada iyo biyaha, NH ₄ OH + HCL = NH ₄ cl + H ₂ O.
4. biyo ammonia galo dareen sarrifka ra'iyi la cusbada ah biraha, kaas oo u dhigma salka daciif ah, oon la xirrira hydroxide biyo-beelaya ah: 2NH ₄ OH + CuCl ₂ = 2NH ₄ cl + CU (OH) _{2 (dadajin} buluug _ah).

biyo ammonia: codsiga in qaybaha kala duwan ee dhaqaalaha

walax aan caadi ahayn waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalo nolol maalmeedka, beeraha, daawo iyo warshadaha. Technical ammonia hydrate loo isticmaalo beeraha, ash soodhaha, formaldehyde iyo alaabooyinka kale ee. In bacriminta dareeraha ka kooban nitrogen in dhirta si fudud foomka digestible. walaxda waxaa loo arkaa inay ka qiimo jaban uguna wax ku ool ah loogu daro ku-muddo pre ee dhammaan dalagga.

Waayo, wax soo saarka ee biyo ammonia baabbi'iyey lacag saddex jeer in ka yar on arrinta of bacriminta nitrogen granular adag. Wixii kaydinta iyo gaadiidka ee dareeraha codsatay taangiyada hermetically xiran yihiin bir. Qaar ka mid ah rinjiga iyo qalab loogu talagalay bleach timaha soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo hydroxide ammonium. In kasta diyaar hay'ad caafimaad waa la ammonia - 10-boqolkiiba xal ammonia.

cusbada ammonium: guryaha iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay wax ku ool ah

Muqaadaraadka oo waxaa loo diyaariyey by ficil hydroxide ammonium la acids, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in hawlaha ganacsiga. Cusbada cawisa markii kululeeyo, milaan biyo, sakhiray in hydrolysis. Waxay galaan reaction kiimikada la alkalis iyo waxyaabaha kale. The qiimaha wax ku ool ah ugu muhiimsan helay chlorides, Nitrate, sulfates, phosphates, iyo carbonate ammonium.

Waxaa muhiim ah in aad raacdo xeerasha iyo sugida ammaanka, iyadoo walxaha, oo ka kooban ra'iyi ammonium shaqeeyaan. Marka lagu kaydiyaa bakhaaro, iyo shirkadaha beeraha ganacsiga, beeraha waa in ay ahaadaan xiriir oo ka mid ah xeryaha la alkalis iyo lime. Haddii baakadaha leakproof in bilaabi reaction kiimikada la sii daayo gaaska sunta ah. Qof kasta oo si dhanba biyo ammonia iyo cusbada shaqeeyaan, waa in ay ogaadaan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee kiimikada. Iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha ammaanka ee qalabka loo isticmaalo ma yeeli doono dadka ama deegaanka ah.