Basilica ee Santa Croce, Florence, dib u eegista iyo sawiro

Basilica ee Santa Croce (Florence) - mid ka mid ah kaniisadaha ugu weyn ee magaalada iyo kaniisadda ugu weyn ee Franciscan ee dunida, dhisay goor dambe oo qarnigii 13aad ee qaabka Fiorentine Gothic, caanka ah sida Pantheon ee Florence sababta oo ah tirada badan oo xabaalaha taas oo waxaa lagu aasay badan oo caan ah Talyaaniga.

History of dhismaha

Sida ay legend, aasaasaha of Santa Croce waa Assizsky ku Frantsisk (ku dhintay 1226), ee Italy weli gargaare ah, kuwaas oo kor u siiyey maalka, in dadka la siiyo fikrad toobadda iyo nabad. Inkasta oo ay dhismaha waxa la bilaabay 1295 on goobta of codkarnimada yar dhisay by Franciscans, oo u dhow River Arno ah. Magaca Santa Croce (Florence) - Church of Cross Quduuska ah ee Talyaaniga. waxa uu ku fuliyay mashruuca of A. di Cambio, sculptor maxalli ah iyo naqshada. Dhismaha ahaa on lacag oo ka mid ah qoysaska Fiorentine hodan, yaa loo arkaa sharaf si ay u maal dhismaha Hooyga quduuska ah, oo sii waday muddo ku dhow 150 sano. Quduus ka Basilica ahaa in 1443 by Pope Eugene 4aad.

muuqaalka kore ee kaniisadda bedelay dhowr jeer qarniyo badan. Tani waa run gaar ah Aamino of Santa Croce (Florence): Photo of bilawgii qarnigii 19aad. waxay muujinaysaa a gebi ahaanba unadorned. muuqaalka hadda Aamino 3 portals, qurxiyey marmar ah, waxaa laga dhigay oo keliya ee 1853-1863 GG ah. naqshada N. Matas ee style neo-Gothic on lacag ah Brotestanka Ingiriisi ah, gaar ahaan deeqbixiye Ingiriiska Sloane FJ.. Taasi waa sababta in decoration u muuqday buluug lix tilmaamay Star of David, taas oo aan calaamad u ah diinta kiristaanka.

Florence Basilica ee Santa Croce (sawir iyo description)

Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee dhismaha loo dhisay qaab iskutallaabta T-qaabeeya ah. In ka badan qarnigii la soo dhaafay waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah dhinac walba ku daray outbuildings (cibaadaysiga). The heerarka hoose ee Basilica la qurxiyey dukaanka qurux badan, sare - daaqadaha Faransiis. On dhinaca bidix ee dhismaha maraa balbalada ee meelaha dedan hawada iyo iftiinka.

Burburinta dhacay qarnigii 16aad., In 1512 munaaraddii jir ah waxaa loo kala by hillaac, waxaa soo kaban karin oo keliya 1847 mashruuca J. Bakkani, oo haatan waa Intaa waxaa dheer weyn dhismaha ugu weyn.

Basil Santa Croce, Florence ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah 3 convent, mid ka mid ah kaas oo loogu talagalay A.di Cambio. The kale, oo ku yaalla qaybta koonfureed, oo loogu talagalay by Brunelleschi oo waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah Biyac ugu quruxda badan ee Florence. A convent 3aad yar (13.) Xirtay koox dhismayaasha aan caadi ahayn Franciscan.

Front oo ah kiniisadda of Santa Croce in square ku taalada ee Dante, abuuray by sculptor E. Patsii ee 1865. Markii hore, oo iyana waxay ahayd xarunta, laakiin markaas kacsanayd sababtoo ah dhacdooyinka u dhow dhismaha.

gudaha ee Santa Croce

Qaybta hoose ka kooban tahay dhererka badan oo taariikhi ah meel bannaan oo ka mid ah 115 m, ka dhigay isticmaalaya naqshado gaar ah. Tani gaar ahaan waa cad in macbudka qalab ka taagan labada tiir lateral 8 qaybta carbon, kaas oo la faray intii ka sii xafiiltamaan ee aan wadno kala soocay.

By markii ugu gudaha go'aan of Basilica ee ahaa geesi ah iyo caadi ahayn, jidaynayey waxaas meel ku xereeyaa dhismayaasha kale ee diinta ka mid ah magaalada. Light maraa gudaha suuqa kala mahrajaan sameeyey A.Gaddi.

In qarnigii 16aad. kiniisadda dib loo qorsheeyey, sababta oo ah waxa (at gabagabeeyo khubaro) ayaa in yar quruxdiisa laga badiyay. Noqnoqashada sameeyey nooca rafter, oo waxay ku yaalaan tombstones dhulka, degan ku dhowaad meel oo dhan macbudka.

Meeshii allabariga oo kaniisad iyo frescoes ah

The frescoes in qurxin derbiyada u dhow meesha allabariga ugu weyn, by A. Gaddii (1387) ka dhigay ku salaysan Halyeeyga reer Cross True ah. Dhinaca midig: Michael laan Mikaa'iil geedka wareejinta aqoon, ee Queen of Sheba iyada iyo cibaadada of Geed Cross ah, iyo kuwa kale oo bidixda - St. Helena keentaa Cross Quduuska ah ee Yeruusaalem, ka dibna boqorka ka qaada uu Percy, gooyo Byzantine iri laabtay Cross Yeruusaalem, iyo wixii la mid ah ... d. fresco sidoo kale ka kooban yihiin hannaanka ka mid ah goobaha qoyska iyo cirfiid. daaqadaha jir Beautiful muraayada la sameeyey qarnigii 14aad.

polyptych meesha allabariga, qoray N. Gerini, gaysteen oo ah Madonna oo Child, darfaha dhinaca la sameeyey by fannaaniinta kale, at the top - "iskutallaabta", rinji by dugsiga Giotto sayidkooda.

Waxaanad taaj uga ag jooga meeshii allabariga waa mid ka mid ah farshaxankiisa gaarka ah ee kaniisadda - "Qodbay", kaas oo abuuray by sayidkii Cimabue. rinjiyeynta Tani weyn (4,5h3,9 m), kaalinta on iskutallaab ka samaysan loox, waxaa loo arkaa version ugu cajiib ah la Wadho ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in daad ee 1966. shaqada ayaa waxaa si xun u dhaawacay in xitaa isku day at dib u soo celinta awood uma yeelan in ay si buuxda u soo celin.

kaniisadda Chapel

Inside kiniisadda Santa Croce (Florence) oo ku yaalla transepts Chapel 16 (saacadood), kuwaasoo mid walba uu yahay hal dheeraad ah. Chapel qurxiyey frescoes iyo farshaxan ah oo qarniyo kala duwan, kuwaas oo la sameeyey ka fanaaniinta ugu caansan ee Italy gaar ah: Matteo Rosell, J in San Giovanni, Fra Bartolomeo, J. Lee Bondone iyo xertiisii ...

The ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah:

• Chapel Maggiore fresco "Legend of St. Cross" A.Gaddi sameeyaa (1380).
• Castellani cibaadaysiga la frescoes by A. Gaddii la Muuqaallo uga noqdeen nolosha ee Southampton (1385).
• Baronchelii Chapel la xabaashii qoyska iyo dadka saboolka ah, rinji by T. Gaddii "Madonna", on darbiyada kale - yabban uga noqdeen nolosha of Mary Virgin ah.
• Rinuccini Chapel kii saaxir ah Di John. Milano, iyagoo muujinayay in nolosha Maryan tii reer Magdala iyo Maryan oo bikrad ah (1379).
• Peruzzi cibaadaysiga ku jira image nolosha ee J. iyo I. Baabtiisaha Evangelist, rinji by Giotto.
• Capella Bardi - iftiiminaya nolosha Fr. Assisi (artist Giotto).
• Kale ee Chapel (Medici Tosin, Pulci et al.) Sidoo kale qabaneysa tahay qiimayn karaa.

Inside Basilica ku yaalo yard keniisad, kaas oo sidoo kale uu heli karo goobta cibaadaysiga. Sidaas daraaddeed, Cappella dei Pazzi, loo yaqaan "jawharad ah oo run ah Renaissance Hore," qurxiyey shuqullada quruxda badan ee Brunelleschi (1443), qurxiyey ee sayid Talyaani caanka D. da Settignano, L. Robbia arrimaha, J .. Da Maia. Ka hor inta cibaadaysiga waa pronaos ka kooban columns Korintos. In 1461, ayay qariyeen qubbad yar.

Karnoo of Santa Croce

In kiniisadda Santa Croce (Florence) jiifsan dadka ugu caansan ee Italy iyo muwaadiniinta sharafta Florence. Qayb ka mid ah waxa Qubuuraha - run, taas oo lagu aasay ku caanka ah dhintay, halka qaar kalena loo yaqaan cenotaphs, - gravestones in aadan ka kooban hadhaagii aadanaha.

Santa Croce waxaa loo arkaa inay meesha ka soo jeedo ee Renaissance ah, sida Monument ku jira xabaashii of L. Bruni, siyaasadda Talyaani, abuuray 1444 by sayidkiisa
B. Rossellino. Taalladaas waxa uu noqday model ah waayo, shuqulladiisa oo mustaqbalka ee Renaissance ah, oo ay ku jiraan dhagax xabaal ah K. Marsuppini dhow derbiga waqooyiga kiniisadda.

The xabaalaha ugu caansan yaalaan derbiga koonfurta macbudka midig:

• Monument Michelangelo-dhaceen sameeyay sayidkiisa Vazari (1579), iyo hannaanka qaybo shaqada iyo Sidaana J. Battista iyo B. Ciol. Inkastoo Michelangelo ku dhintay Rome, laakiin ay dardaarmeen in uu iska soo aaso magaalada uu ku dhashay. In fulinya, oo ay oggolaansho ka duqa magaalada Florence, AL Buanarotti jirka ah ee Michelangelo xadday ee Rome oo si qarsoodi ah isaga halkan keenay.

• Jaba Dante Aligeri oo taalada ah geesiyaal shuqulladiisa by sculptor ku Ricci (1829) ka dhigay.
• Monument Machiavelli shaqeeyaan Spinatsii (1787).
• xabaashii of Galileo Galilei, kuwaas oo si kastaba ha ahaatee ku dhintay 1642dii,, ay sabab u tahay xayiraada kiniisadda aan la aasay xeerkii Christian ilaa 1737 ka dibna meydkiisii loo qaado iyo kaalinta kiniisadda, farshaxan iyo isku dhaceen ka mid ah Galileo sameeyey Dzh.Battista Foggini.

• laxamiistaha dhagaxa George aqalkeeda., kuwaas oo amaanay opera Italy ee "The Barber ee Seville." 9 sano ka dib dhimashadii ee 1868 ee Paris, meydkiisiina waxaa lagu qaadaa si ay qabuuraha Pere Lachaise oo lagu aasay Florence halkan.
• taariikhyahan Xaalabaha iyo diblomaasi N. Machiavelli.
• Xabaashii of Joseph Napoleon iyo gabadhiisa, iyo kuwa kale.

Guud ahaan, kiniisadda lagu aasay ku dhawaad 300 oo qudbad Talyaaniga, Taalladaas kasta waxaa lagu qurxiyey farshaxan iyo Bas-reliefs.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Mid ka mid ah jiidashada of kaniisadda - dhigay Fiorentine Pio Fedi ee 1883. taalada ee Poetry, ka go'an in ay xasuusta ka mid ah gabayaa iyo Abwaan J. Battista Nikollini .. Waxaa loo xiraa on qabrigiisii in Basilica ee St. Cross.

tiradaasi Tani waa arrin aad la mid ah Taallada Liberty, shuqulka sculptor weyn Faransiis Fr. Bartholdi (1887). Sidee ku ogaan Bartholdi ee 1870 ku noolaa Florence oo waxaa muuqata u waxyoonay by shuqulka sculptor Talyaani.

dan weyn ka mid ah dalxiisayaasha waa Jaba Abwaan caan Dante (1265-1321), oo ku yaalla kiniisadda Santa Croce (Florence). Sheekada oo xabaashii Abwaan, waxay caan ku tahay oo uu "Ilaahnimadu Comedy" iyo abuuray casriga ah suugaanta Talyaani, socday muddo dhowr boqol oo sano. geerida Abwaan Florence hardan magaalada Ravenna, waayo xaq u leeyahay inuu gaadiid iyo aaso haray ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma gaari karo taasi. Oo waxaa dhacday qarnigii 14aad. Gaf taliyayaasha iyo muwaadiniinta Florence, kuwaas oo hijrooday magaalada ay of Dante ka hadallo objectionable iyo views mucaaradka. Qoraaga ayaa u dhaqaaqay Ravenna, halkaas oo uu ku dhintay. Marka Florence ka baryay inuu siiyo dambaska Dante, Ravenna ah isku mid ma ahayn, iyo tan iyo markaas sarcophagus ah ee Santa Croce taagan madhan.

Santa Croce, goobta, saacadood oo aalado, qiimaha

Si aad u hesho Basilica caanka ah, waxaad u timid inaad Piazza Santa Croce (Florence), kaas oo waa u qalantaa. Tani waxay meesha in maalmaha jir ahaa goobta for carwooyinka iyo koobabka, waxa uu haatan noqday goobta loogu talagalay in ciidaha, qaab iyo riwaayada. Waxa kale oo ay fuliyeen mararka qaarkood in tartan kubada cagta Fiorentine, halkaas oo ciyaartoyda ku labisan dharka qadiimiga ah iyo tartanka a xeerarka jir adag.

In saacadood oo ka mid ah matxafka-kaniisadda ka 9.30 si 17.30 maalmaha Sabtida iyo, fasaxyada dadweynaha Santa Croce (Florence) - laga bilaabo 14:00 si 17.00.

Price kiniisadda tikidhada: 8 euro, dhimis tigidhada loogu talagalay carruurta da'dooda 11-17 sano, ardayda - 4 euros, lacag la'aan lagu galo carruurta ka yar 11 sano jir ah, dadka deggan Florence, naafada iyo la socda.

Reviews

Dalxiisayaasha booqanaya kaniisadda quruxda badan ee Santa Croce (Florence), ayaa lanooga qurxoon iyo haybad: cibaadaysiga kasta gudaha kaniisadda - matxaf oo kala duwan, soo bandhiga shuqullada fanaaniinta weyn, Taalladaas kasta - waa masterpiece ah farshaxanka sculptural. Fekerkaaga iyo dareenkaaga in ay ka muujiyeen by qoraaga caanka ah Stendhal, kuwaas oo soo booqday Basilica ee: reyn xuduud ku sujuudday. Sida saxda ah aragti isku mid ah dhismaha taariikhi this ee dadka casriga ah.