Artem Mikoyan (diyaarad): Biography, sawiro

Xarakada Soviet MiG waxaa adduunka ka caan ah. Waa maxay sababta ay u yeedheen oo waa kii naqshadeeye diyaarad kuwa been abuurtay diyaaradda? Artem Mikoyan (1905-1970) - diyaaradaha Soviet, kii walaal u yahay siyaasi si fiican u yaqaan ee Anastas Mikoyan, Midowga Soofiyeeti - iyo diyaaradaha injineer Mikhail Gurevich waa abuuray Xarakada kuwan. Magacooda ka timaadaa isuga oo ka mid ah warqado ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah magacyada qorayaasha la erayga "iyo". Maqaalkani waxa uu kaala hadli doonaa oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada ee hore. Readers daneeyn doonaan inay ogaadaan sida ay u noqdaan naqshadeeye diyaarad Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan.

Taariikhda nolosha, carruurnimada

In 1905, tuulada fog buurta ee Sanahin, kaas oo ahaa in degmada Borchali gobolka Tiflis, qayb ka mid ah Ruush Empire ah (maanta Sanahin - degmo oo Alaverdi, Armenia), waxa uu ku dhashay wiil, oo loo magacaabay Anushavan. Qoyskiisa carruur badan, inuu ilmo ugu yaraa oo nijaar Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan, kuwaas oo ka shaqaysay Dhalaaliyaha hoose iyo Talidy Otarovna - guri joogta. In waxbarashada kid ku lug leh iyo carruurta waaweyn, gaar ahaan walaalkiis Anastas - si fiican u yaqaan siyaasadda, xisbiyada iyo gobolka hogaamiyayaashii mustaqbalka ee USSR. Sidaas daraaddeed, Mikoyan Artem Ivanovich - diyaaradaha - caruurnimadiisii ku qaatay in buuraha, halkaas oo uu jecel yahay si ay u dhawraan horyaalka ah ayaa gorgorraduna, caadka ah oo cirka jooga. Meel in 5 sano uu ka caawiyay orgi sare oo lo 'iyo Ulasocto daaqsin ee buuraha.

formation

Waxbarashada aasaasiga ah Artem Mikoyan helay dugsiga tuulo Sanahin, kaas oo uu ku yaal keniisad Christian qadiimiga ah ee eponymous - xarun dhaqan Armenian ee gobolka. geerida lama filaan ah ee aabbahaa ka dib Talida Otarovna go'aansaday inuu aqoonsado wiilkii yaraa ee dugsiga kaniisadda Armenian ee Tbilisi. ka wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay ee 1918. Ka dib markii uu si tuulada hooyo uu ku soo laabtay iyo, sida walaalkiis ka weyn, wuxuu noqday xiiso hawlo kacaan, uu ku biiray shuuciga Young ku League oo waxaa xitaa madaxa Komsomol deegaanka magacaabay. Ka dib markii dhawr sannadood ah Anastas Mikoyan ayaa loo magacaabay Xoghayaha Guddiga Dhexe ee Bureau Koonfur-Bari ee CP ah. Isla markii uu balan uu ku baaqay in walaalkiisa ka yar inuu Rostov.

Khibrad shaqo

Timaado Russia, Artem Mikoyan galay dugsiga Warshadda "Krasny Aksay", halkaas oo uu bilaabay inuu barto Turner, ka dibna qaatay shaqada uu ka kacay warshad maxaliga ah. Next, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa in workshops tareenka. Intii muddo ah, ayuu saxar xirfadaha uu, laakiin ay ogaadaan in aysan dhici karta in uu xirfad.

In eray, Artem Mikoyan, kuwaas oo Biography la soo bandhigay ee qodobkan, wuxuu dhiranaan ugu aqoonta iyo si aad u hesho, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu si Moscow tagaan. Halkan uu helay warshad "Dinamo" - ugu horeysay ee shirkadda USSR korontada. Waxa ay ahayd in uu halkan magiciisiina wuxuu u Artem Anushavan iyo patronymic Ovanesovich bedelay - in Ivanovic.

Waxa uu ahaa sidaas ku mashquulsan in uu shaqada in waxbana kama uu helin wakhtigii gelitaanka jaamacadda kasta. Laakiin geedka, uu helay waxbarasho nolosha kale oo faa'iido waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan oo kale. In Moscow Artem xagal toogtay ka waardiye iyo seexday oo macno ahaan ka yar lagu dhaqdo ah.

Dhanka kale, walaalkaa weynaa Anastas hore u qaban jago sare ee dawladda, laakiin yar uma ay oggolaan ayuu naftiisa u jeedi in la weydiisto inay isaga siiyaan guryaha. In qoyskooda, ma ay aqbali: qof walba rabay in aan madax banaan oo aan dhiba codsi ka yimid kale. Artem Anastas kaliya ku qoray in uu ahaa in Moscow, shaqo ka helay oo uu waayahay.

Adeegaya in ciidanka

Dhamaadkii 1928 A. Mikoyan la qoray galay Army Cas oo loo diray magaalada Livny, ka dibna, si uu ugu faraxsan yahay, ayaa loo xil saaray in ay Ivanovo loosoo School Military ee magaalada Orel. Kadib markii uu dhamaystay adeeg ciidan, wuxuu ahaa ku bixiyeen inay joogaan dugsi iyo in ay helaan tababar military, laakiinse wuu diiday oo wuxuu ku noqday hawlaha ay hore. Laakiin wakhtigan ee "kombaresarada".

wacaya

Iyada oo warshad this, wuxuu ahaa in ay galaan Academy Ciidamada Cirka ee la odhan jiray ka dib markii N. Zhukovsky awoodaan. Ugu dambeyntii, uu riyadii uu carruurnimada yimid. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Faransiis ku sameeyey xaalad deg deg ah soo caga diyaarada tuulada hooyo uu. wiilasha Village, kan ahaa Anushavan ka mid ah, soo orday inuu ka eegno shimbir-mashiinka Rafaa. Little Anush (sida la odhan jiray si kooban u dhow) jiidashada daawaday Farsamada France ku qodeen galay mashiinka oo duulaya, oo xataa dhicin si aad u hesho dhow. Oo wuxuu arkay kuwa indhaha la iftiimay wiilka, oo isagaan u yeedhay oo ku dhow oo aynu si ay u arkaan "gudaha" shimbir mucjiso ah.

Ilaa uu ahaa in ay Academy Ciidamada Cirka, riyadii of marnaba ka tagay diyaaradaha. Oo haatan, isagu wuxuu ahaa ardayga kaliya ee dalka ka mid ah hay'adda oo aad ka baran karaan xirfad ee injineerada duulimaadyada. Sida a arday sannadka saddexaad ee Academy ah, mar kale uu xaqiijiyay in uu jecel yahay inuu Artem Mikoyan: diyaarad - taasi waa xirfad, taas oo uu doonayo inuu sameeyo nolosha oo dhan. In 1935 wuxuu maray internship at the University of Kharkov. Halkan marka hore waxaa la mid ah in xafiiska design ah, oo isna wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka qayb qaataan dhismaha diyaaradda, model ah tijaabo Hai-1.

shaqada Independent: ugu horeysay sida naqshadeeye a

Marka laga soo Kharkov Artem Mikoyan laabtay lahaa weyn u jecel yihiin in ay sameeyaan uu mashruuc gaar ah - saarka diyaarad cusub oo isticmaalaya jir ah matoorada dayuuradaha, oo wuxuu isaga siiyey injineer Shitikov. Wada jir ah ula saaxiibbadiisa iyo Pavlov Samarinym Artem loogu talagalay model isboortiga duulaya mashiinka. Laakiin wixii ka baxsan in aanay tegi karin, maxaa yeelay, wax lacag ah, qalabka lahayn. Laakiin way soo bandhigay sawiro of diyaarad on Osoaviahima qabtay tartan heer qaran ah. Si aad u macaaneyd ayaa carruurta, ay mashruuca ayaa la aqoonsaday ugu fiican, iyo in arrintan la xiriira, xubnaha xeerbeegtida, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la siiyo fursad ay samaynta dhallinyarada si ay u dhisaan a koobi tusidda mishiinka duulaya.

nolosha Personal

dhamaadka 30 ee uu guul u ahaa Mikoyan, ma aha oo kaliya marka la eego xirfad, laakiin sidoo kale on hore ee shakhsiga ah. Waxa uu la kulmay gabar aad u qurux badan Zoe Lisitsina at xaflad dhalasho saaxiibkiis Gevorg Avetisyan ah. Dhexdoodana danbayay naxariis, taasi oo markii dambe koray jacaylka. Ka dib markii uu qoyska doorashada ansixiyey Artyom H. guursaday Zoya Ivanovna, ka dibna qoyska dhallinyarada ah waxaa loo qoondeeyay qol ee guri la wadaago on Kirov Street. Waxaa iyo iyaga u dhaqaaqay in ay ku noolaadaan Talida Otarovna. Later, ee qorkiisa uu, Anastas Mikoyan qoray oo ku saabsan gabadhii in ay si fiican u dhagsan qoyskooda Armenian ahaa aad u naxariis badan oo la jaan qaadka, dhaqanka Armenian gacaliyo. By habka, waxay ahayd shaqaale ka tirsan TASS.

hawlo dheeraad ah

A. Mikoyan, ka dib markii qalin jebinta, waxaa loo diray sida caawiye ka ahaa baadhitaanka ee Bureau Design ah. Its madaxa ahaa naqshadeeye caanka ah diyaaradaha Nikolai Polikarpov. Waxa uu hore u ahaa aqoon u leh diyaaradda metelay Mikoyan, kuwaas oo wakhtigan mar hore la dhisay, loo yaqaan "Octobrist" iyo waxaa loo isticmaalay ujeeddooyin tababar Osoaviahima. Waxa uu u ekaa ah diyaaradaha ugu ballanqaadaan Artem iyo waxa ka mid ah in ay ka shaqeeyaan kooxda dagaal-15.

Polikarpov ugu dhakhsaha ogaaday in Mikoyan lagu aaminay karo ma aha oo kaliya in ay geedi socodka ka mid ah horumarinta qaababka hadda, laakiin sidoo kale horumarinta kuwo cusub. Waa in kooxdan, Artem Ivanovich la kulmay Gurevich, kuwaas oo markii dambe noqday co-author of the MiGs dunida oo dhan caanka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqo iyaga on bilaabay kaliya ka dib markii A. Mikoyan loo magacaabay madaxa xafiiska design ka mid ah tirada geedka 1 Osoaviahima ah. Waxaa halkan waa in uu yaabaa shaqada ugu fiican on hirgelinta qorshayaasha ay.

Artem Mikoyan MiG - sida ugu fiican ee ugu fiican

Xaqiiqada ah in uu u suurtagashay in ay la abuuro horumar degdeg ah a run taariikhda duulista Soviet. Mig-1 ahayd diyaaradda ugu horeysay abid tijaabiyey in size buuxa ee tunnel dabaysha. Taasi waxay keentay in waqtiga imtixaanka dayuurada waxaa si weyn hoos loogu dhigi karaa, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa diyaaradda - badan hagaagtay. Oo waxaas oo dhan ayaa laga soo xaqiijiyaa waqtiga duulimaadka ugu horeysay. All tijaabiyeyaal soo gaarnay heer caadi ah in diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo qaab dhaafa oo dhan kuwii hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Artem Mikoyan - diyaaradaha (photo aad u aragto in maqaalka) - ayaa aan ku xaddidnayn ay horey u aasaasay iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan uu diyaariyay hab a badan oo horumarsan, taasoo la odhan jiray MiG-3. Waxa uu ahaa kii noqday diyaarad kuwa ugu caansan ee Air Force Soofiyeeti.

War Great Patriotic

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta lagu guda jiro dagaalka u caddaatay in MiGs our eego qaar ka mid liita diyaarad Jarmal. Markaas Mikoyan bilaabay for horumar ah ee diyaaradda been abuurtay isaga by. In 1942, waxaa hore u bixiyaa model diyaarad ah oo awood badan leh engine AM-29. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ay la aqoonsan yahay ka ugu fiican, ayuu Mikoyan fahamsan diyaarad qalab in uu leeyahay mustaqbal lahayn oo u baahan in ay la yimaadaan wax cusub. Ka dibna u yimid in ay xaqiiqada ah in diyaaradda Soviet u baahan tahay diyaarad la matoorada diyaaradaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u hirgeliyaan qorshaha ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib markii dagaalka, inkastoo ay horumar ayaa laga gaadhay wakhtigii ay adag tahay dagaal. In 1946 wuxuu ka dhisay MiG-9 oo ahaa ugu horeeyay ee dayuuradaha dagaalka mass-soo saaray USSR.

In nabadda,

In 1947, waxaa la abuuray Mikoyan model kale - ee MiG-15. imtixaanada Her lagu sameeyey Korea intii lagu jiray dagaalka sannadaha 1950-1953. Waxa uu loo aqoonsaday dagaal ugu wanaagsan ee 40 jirka ah. Oo kaliya kuma engine loogu kordhinayo, laakiin sidoo kale in baal arrow-NRC. Faa'iidada A cad ee diyaaradaha this sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa kursigii ejection tijaabo ah. Muddo dheer, diyaaradaha ee MiG-15 hadhay weyn ee Soviet Air Force. Waxaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan "diyaarad-askari."

Gebogebadii

A. Mikoyan sannadihii danbe lagu daydo cusub oo dheeraad ah oo horumarsan ee diyaaradaha lagu soosaaray. Magaciisa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan. model Latest, horumariyo isaga by, wuxuu ahaa MiG-21 ah, in kasta oo la abuuray oo ku saleysan dhinaca horumarinta ee MiG-25 ee 1975, ayaa dhigay rikoor adduunka ah, kuwaas oo weli ku guuldareysatay inay garaacdo. Artem Mikoyan fariistay la darajo ah Colonel General. Laba jeer oo uu ku abaal Hero horyaalka of Socialist Labour. Waxa uu ku dhintay diyaarad ku fiican in December 1970. On guriga derbigiisa, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa, waxaa lagu rakibay huurada a xusuus.